News

 Statistics

Number of Journals34
Number of Issues1,306
Number of Articles9,427
Article View9,189,269
PDF Download5,621,868
Habibi, E. (2021). Review on Emerging Warfare Through Official Military Documents (Study on Hybrid and Unconventional Warfare in United State, NATO, UK, and French). Electronic and Cyber Defense, 30(114), 93-129.
Ebrahim Habibi. "Review on Emerging Warfare Through Official Military Documents (Study on Hybrid and Unconventional Warfare in United State, NATO, UK, and French)". Electronic and Cyber Defense, 30, 114, 2021, 93-129.
Habibi, E. (2021). 'Review on Emerging Warfare Through Official Military Documents (Study on Hybrid and Unconventional Warfare in United State, NATO, UK, and French)', Electronic and Cyber Defense, 30(114), pp. 93-129.
Habibi, E. Review on Emerging Warfare Through Official Military Documents (Study on Hybrid and Unconventional Warfare in United State, NATO, UK, and French). Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2021; 30(114): 93-129.

Review on Emerging Warfare Through Official Military Documents (Study on Hybrid and Unconventional Warfare in United State, NATO, UK, and French)

سیاست دفاعی
Volume 30, Issue 114, June 2021, Pages 93-129    PDF (2.42 M)
Document Type: Original Article
Author
Ebrahim Habibi*
Master of Media Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Receive Date: 26 May 2021,  Revise Date: 18 September 2021,  Accept Date: 18 September 2021 
Abstract
       Many differences exist between what is written in the books and articles of thinkers and researchers about war and warfare and what is in the official documents with legal and executive guarantees that will be accepted and implemented by the institutions and signed by high-ranking military-political officials of a country. This study examines the 36 official documents available from the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and the NATO Alliance, to answer four general questions about, the definition of which one of existing warfare? With what dimensions and themes? With what similarities and differences? With what attitudes? in their doctrines, field manuals, strategy documents, and official texts are used. This research has been conducted with the library method (qualitative) by using Computer software for breaking and recombining the structure of official texts into simpler and understandable patterns. Findings indicated that there is no difference between unconventional and hybrid forms of warfare, latent political abuse of this different naming, and the use of hybrid warfare as an illegitimate method of others (enemies), and the enmity depiction of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a hybrid warrior.
Keywords
Hybrid warfare; Unconventional warfare; Irregular Warfare; Field Manual; Doctrine
References
منابع فارسی:

  1. ابولمعالی الحسینی، خ. (1392)، تحلیل کیفی متن: استقرا / قیاس، دوفصلنامه پژوهشی مطالعات معارف اسلامی و علوم تربیتی،صص: 83-102.##
  2. بقایی، ک. رجب‌پور، م؛ و پرواس، س (1395)، چیستی جنگ ترکیبی، اشتباهی تکرار در مباحث نظامی، فصلنامه علوم و فنون نظامی، 12(37).##
  3. جعفری، ح. ع. تسلیمی، م. س. فقیهی، ا؛ و شیخ‌زاده، م. (1390)، تحلیل مضمون و شبکه مضامین: روشی ساده و کارآمد برای تبیین الگوهای موجود در داده‌های کیفی، اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی، صص: 151-198.##
  4. سورین و؛ و تانکارد، ج. (1992)، نظریه‌های ارتباطات، ترجمه ع. دهقان، تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.##
  5. شادمهر، م. (1364)، دستور رزمی 14-7- ز آموزش رزم انفرادی (نیروی زمینی). چاپخانه ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران.##
  6. فلیک، ا. (1387)، درآمدی بر تحقیق کیفی، ترجمه ه. جلیلی، تهران: نشر نی.##
منابع انگلیسی:

  1. Cullen, P. j. & Kjennerud, R. E. (2017). MCDC Countering Hybrid Warfare Project: Understanding Hybrid Warfare. A Multinational Capability Development Campaign project, 36.##
  2. Hoffman, F. G. (2009). HYBRID WARFARE AND CHALLENGES. JFQ, 34-39.##
  3. Hoffman, F. J. (2007).Conflict in the 21st Century The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.##
  4. Huber, T. M. (2002). Compound Warfare: That Fatal Knot. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Press.##
  5. Huovinen, P. (2011). Hybrid warfare – just a twist of compound warfare? views on warfare from the United States Armed Forces perspective. NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY/Department of Military History.##
  6. Kaldor, M. (2012). New and Old Wars_ Organised Violence in a Global Era. Polity Press.##
  7. Kuckartz, U. & Rädiker, S. (2019). Analyzing Qualitative Data with MAXQDA. Springer.##
  8. Mansoor, P. R. & Murray, W. (2012). Hybrid Warfare Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present. Cambridge University Press.##
  9. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation.##
  10. Miller, M. (2015). Hybrid Warfare: Preparing for Future Conflict. Air University (U.S). Air War College, 34.##
  11. Nemeth, W. J. (2002). Future war and Chechnya: a case for hybrid warfare.##
  12. Silverstein, L. B. & Auerbach, C. F. (2003). An Introduction to Coding and Analysis Qualitative Data. New York University Press.##
  13. Tennis, J. T. (2008). Epistemology, theory, and methodology in knowledge organization: toward a classification, metatheory, and research framework in Knowledge organization. The Information School of the University of Washington, 102-112.##
  14. Xiangsui, W. & Liang, Q. (1999). Unrestricted Warfare. Independently published.##
اسناد رسمی بررسی شده در این مقاله:

  1. Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) Land Operations. (2017). Army Doctrine Publication AC 71940. Retrieved from:##
  2. D’Agostino, D. M. (2010). - United States Government Accountability Office GAO. GAO & Defense Capabilities and ##Management. Washington, DC: GAO. Retrieved from www.gao.gov
  3. Global Strategic Trends The Future Starts Today (SIXTH EDITION ed). (2018). UK MOD. Retrieved from:##
  4. ##Joint Concept Note 1/17 Future Force Concept. (2017). UK MOD. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/643061##/concepts_uk_future_force_concept_jcn_1_17.pdf
  5. Joint Concept Note 2/17 Future of Command and Control. (2017). UK MOD. Retrieved from## https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/643245 ##/concepts_uk_future_c2_jcn_2_17.pdf
  6. ##Joint Concept Note 2/18 Information Advantage. (2018). UK MOD. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/919262/20200909-JCN_2_18_Information_Advantage_accessible.pdf
  7. Maj Gen US.Army Morris, D. A. (2011). - Irregular Adversaries and Hybrid Threats. Joint Irregular Warfare Center## USJFCOM. Retrieved from:##
  8. (2008). - FM 3-05.130 Army Special Operations Forces Unconventional Warfare. Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army. Retrieved from avilable on (www.us.army.mil) Indirectly retrived from https://fas.org  ##/irp/doddir/army/fm3-05-130.pdf
  9. (2014). - French Joint Doctrine (FRA) JD-01(A) Doctrine for the Employment of the French Armed Forces. (FRA) Joint Centre for Concepts, Doctrine and Experimentation. Joint Centre for Concepts, Doctrine and Experimentation (CICDE). Retrieved from:##
  10. ##(2014). Counter-Unconventional Warfare. UNITED STATES ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Retrieved from:
  11. ##(2015). - DFT 3.2 TOME 1 ANG (FT- 03) - EMPLOYMENT OF LAND FORCES IN JOINT OPERATIONS. Forces Employment Doctrine Center, Ministre of defense. Retrieved from https://www.c-dec.terre.defense.gouv.fr/images/documents/us-publications/doctrine-FT/20150701_NP_CDEF_DDO_DFT-3-2_T1_US.pdf
  12. ##(2015). - Statement by NATO Defence Ministers. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2015) 094. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_121133.htm?selectedLocale=en
  13. ##(2015). - The National Military Strategy(NMS) The United States Military’s Contribution To National Security 2015. DOD. Official Website of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Retrieved from: https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Publications/2015_National_Military_Strategy.pdf
  14. ##(2016) Commitment to enhance resilience, Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw, Warsaw: Nato. Retrieved from:
  15. ##(2016). - NATO Building Integrity Policy Endorsed by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw. NATO - Official text: Retrieved from:
  16. ##(2016). - Statement by Defence Ministers on the declaration of the initial operational capability for Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2016) 018. Retrieved from:
  17. ##(2016). - Statement on the implementation of the Joint Declaration signed by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and theSecretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2016) 178. Retrieved from:
  18. ##(2016). - The Warsaw declaration on Transatlantic Security Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2016) 120. Retrieved from:
  19. ##(2016). - Warsaw Summit Communiqué Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Warsaw. Nato. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2016) 100. Retrieved from:
  20. ##(2017). Common set of new proposals, on the implementation of the Joint Declaration signed by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission and theSecretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_149522.htm?selectedLocale=en: NATO - Official text: Press Release (2017) 174.
  21. ##(2017). - Joint statement of the NATO-Ukraine Commission marking the 20th anniversary of the Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between NATO and Ukraine. NATO - Official text: Retrieved from:
  22. ##(2018) Declaration Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council. Nato. Brussels: NATO. Retrieved from:
  23. ##(2018). - Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic TreatyOrganization. Press Release (2018) 095. Retrieved from:
  24. ##(2018)Brussels Declaration on Transatlantic Security and Solidarity. Nato. Brussels: NATO. Retrieved from:
  25. ##(2019). - London Declaration Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in London. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2019) 115. Retrieved from:
  26. ##(2019). - Statement on the occasion of NATO's 70th Anniversary - Issued by the NATO Foreign Ministers, Washington D.C. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2019) 041. Retrieved from:
  27. ##(2019)Statement of the NATO-Ukraine Commission. Press Release (2019) 111, Kyiv. Retrieved from:
  28. ##(2020). - Assured Security; Dynamic Engagement' - Analysis and Recommendations of the Group of Experts on a New Strategic Concept for NATO, NATO - Official text. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_63654.htm?selectedLocale=en
  29. ##(2020). Defense Budget Overview Irreversible Implementation of the National Defense Strategy. OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMPTROLLER) / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. DOD. Retrieved from:
  30. ##(2021) NATO Foreign Ministerial Statement. Press Release (2021) 043, Nato, Brussels. Retrieved from:
  31. ##(2021). - DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Joint Electronic Library. Retrieved from: https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/dictionary.pdf
  32. AJP-01 NATO STANDARD ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE. (2017). ALLIED JOINT PUBLICATION(NATO STANDARDIZATION## OFFICE (NSO)). Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/905877/20200728-doctrine_nato_allied_joint_doctrine_ajp_01.pdf
  33. AJP-3.14 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR FORCE PROTECTION (Edition A Version 1 WITH UK NATIONAL ELEMENTS## ed). (2015). ALLIED JOINT PUBLICATION (NATO STANDARDIZATION OFFICE (NSO)).
  34. AJP-3.2 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR LAND OPERATIONS. (2016). ALLIED JOINT PUBLICATION (NATO## STANDARDIZATION OFFICE (NSO)). Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/624149/doctrine_nato_land_ops_ajp_3_2.pdf
  35. AJP-4.10 NATO STANDARD Allied Joint Doctrine for Medical Support (with UK national elements) (Edition C Version## 1 ed). (2019). Allied Joint Publication-4.10. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/922182/doctrine_nato_med_spt_ajp_4_10.pdf
  36. Brigadir General Gulyas, Z. (2019). AAP-06 NATO GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND. NATO STANDARDIZATION. Retrieved## from:
##http://dcmo.defense.gov/Publications/AnnualPerformancePlanandPerformanceReport.aspx

##http://www.cicde.defense.gouv.fr

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/454616/20150804-##AJP_3_14_Force_Protection_Secured.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/605298##/Army_Field_Manual__AFM__A5_Master_ADP_Interactive_Gov_Web.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/771309##/Global_Strategic_Trends_-_The_Future_Starts_Today.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/860499/20190204-##doctrine_uk_deterrence_jdn_1_19.pdf

##https://info.publicintelligence.net/USJFCOM-IrregularThreats.pdf

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_127831.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133163.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133168.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133180.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_135626.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_138829.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_146087.htm?selectedLocale=en

      ##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156620.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156624.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_156626.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_165243.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_170408.htm?selectedLocale=en

##https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_171584.htm?selectedLocale=en

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_182648.htm?selectedLocale=en

https://www.soc.mil/Files/Counter-UnconventionalWarfareWP.pdf

  1. Joint Doctrine Note 1/19 Deterrence: the Defence Joint Doctrine Note 1/19. (2019). UK MOD. Retrieved from:
  2. ##The Orchestration of Military Strategic Effects. (2021). UK MOD. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/970529####/20210316-OMSE_new_web-O.pdf
  3. Tusk, D. Stolenberg, J. & Claude, J. J. (2017). - Joint declaration by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic TreatyOrganization. NATO - Official text: Press Release (2016) 119. Retrieved from:##
Statistics
Article View: 1,508
PDF Download: 1,016