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Karami, A., Shahmohammadi, M. (2023). The Prediction of Happiness in Military Retired Personnels based on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Spiritual Well-being. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 14(1), 101-116.
Amir Karami; Mohammad Shahmohammadi. "The Prediction of Happiness in Military Retired Personnels based on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Spiritual Well-being". Electronic and Cyber Defense, 14, 1, 2023, 101-116.
Karami, A., Shahmohammadi, M. (2023). 'The Prediction of Happiness in Military Retired Personnels based on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Spiritual Well-being', Electronic and Cyber Defense, 14(1), pp. 101-116.
Karami, A., Shahmohammadi, M. The Prediction of Happiness in Military Retired Personnels based on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Spiritual Well-being. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2023; 14(1): 101-116.

The Prediction of Happiness in Military Retired Personnels based on Tolerance of Ambiguity and Spiritual Well-being

روانشناسی نظامی
Volume 14, Issue 1 - Serial Number 53, April 2023, Pages 101-116    PDF (733.15 K)
Document Type: Original Article
Authors
Amir Karami* 1; Mohammad Shahmohammadi2
1Ph.D. of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of the supreme National Defense University, and Head of Human Capital Research Group, Tehran, Iran
Receive Date: 02 August 2022,  Revise Date: 17 January 2023,  Accept Date: 22 February 2023 
Abstract
Military retired personnels need to pay close attention to factors related to mental health, including happiness, according to the job they have had. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to prediction of happiness in military retired personnels based on tolerance of ambiguity and spiritual well-being. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all the military retired personnels of Mashhad and Tehran in 2020-2021. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people based on Krejcie and Morgan's table for communities with a large population, but for more certainty, 400 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from among the military retired personnels of Mashhad and Tehran. The measurement tools were the McLean tolerance of ambiguity type 2 Questionnaire (2009), the Karami spiritual well-being Scale (2022), and the Oxford happiness Questionnaire (1989). Data were collected using questionnaires using descriptive index and the Pearson correlation coefficient and the stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that tolerance of ambiguity and spiritual well-being have a significant positive relationship with happiness in military retired personnels (P<0.01). The results of the regression analysis showed that among the predictor variables of happiness in military retired personnels, spiritual well-being and then tolerance of ambiguity were significant predictors (P<0.01). These results indicate that spiritual well-being and tolerance of ambiguity can be important factors in happiness of military retired personnels.
Keywords
Happiness; Tolerance of Ambiguity; Spiritual Well-being; Military Retired Personnels
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