
Number of Journals | 34 |
Number of Issues | 1,306 |
Number of Articles | 9,427 |
Article View | 9,188,323 |
PDF Download | 5,620,748 |
Trump's Political Action Model in His Second Presidential Term and the Strategic Options of the Islamic Republic of Iran to Confront It | ||
مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
Article 5, Volume 5, Issue 1 - Serial Number 17, June 2025, Pages 153-186 PDF (1.2 M) | ||
Document Type: Original Article | ||
DOI: 10.27834743/ASS.2503.1285.17.5 | ||
Author | ||
mohamad abdolkhani* | ||
PhD student in Political Science, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
Receive Date: 06 March 2025, Revise Date: 30 May 2025, Accept Date: 09 June 2025 | ||
Abstract | ||
This study addresses the fundamental question: Why did the American liberal democracy system ultimately lead to the emergence of Trumpism as its final product? The main hypothesis of this research is that Trumpism, as a populist phenomenon, directly stems from the structural and ideological crises of liberal democracy. These crises are primarily due to the weakening of fundamental democratic principles such as civic participation, social justice, and public trust in political institutions. Along with growing dissatisfaction with political elites and systemic corruption, these crises created conditions in which populist and anti-elite discourses transformed into an influential social and political movement, represented by Donald Trump. The methodology of this research is analytical and explanatory. This study seeks to explain how these factors have converged to shape the political phenomenon of Trumpism. The findings indicate that Trumpism, as a direct result of complex processes within American liberal democracy, emerged from identity crises and failures in reproducing equality and social justice. Through a populist discourse, Trump managed to mobilize segments of society that felt excluded from democratic processes. In this context, he exploited deep-seated distrust toward elites and offered simplistic and reductionist solutions, presenting himself as an alternative political force against the liberal democratic system. Thus, the emergence of Trumpism can be understood as a paradoxical response to the internal crises of American liberal democracy. | ||
Keywords | ||
Foreign Policy; Islamic Republic of Iran; Trump; Defensive Realism; Presidential Character | ||
References | ||
آیت الله خامنه ای. (1403). بیانات در دیدار رمضانی دانشجویان. بازیابی از پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر حفظ و نشر آثار حضرت آیت الله العظمی سیدعلی خامنه ای (مدظله العالی): https://khl.ink/f/59664 جلالی بارنجی، محمدرضا و دیگران. (۱۴۰۲). مقایسه رویکرد سیاست خارجی آمریکا بهنظام بینالملل در دوران ریاستجمهوری اوباما و ترامپ بر اساس نظریه رئالیسم تهاجمی- تدافعی. فصلنامه مطالعات بینالمللی، 19(4)،265-245. جینور، نصیر و دیگران. (۱۴۰۰). آثار و پیامدهای سیاست فشار حداکثری دونالد ترامپ در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران. سیاست جهانی، 10(3)،350-315. درج، حمید. (۱۴۰۳). بررسی مقایسهای سیاست خارجی ترامپ و بایدن با تأکید بر دو کشور ایران و چین (۲۰۱۶-۲۰۲۴). فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا،4(14)، 187-147. رجائی, حسین.(1403). سیاست خارجی دولت اول ترامپ؛ رویگردانی جمهور یخواهان از بین الملل گرایی. مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا، 4(16)، 68-35. کریمی فرد، حسین. (1403). ترامپیسم و چشم انداز آن؛ تشدید بحران هویتی لیبرال دموکراسی و انحطاط ارزشهای بنیادین آمریکایی در دوران ریاست جمهوری دونالد ترامپ. مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا، 4(16)، 11-34. کوزر، لوئیس. (۱۳۷۳). جامعهشناسی معرفت، ترجمه سعید سبزیان. ماهنامه علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه تهران. ۳(۸)، 234-211. کوهکن، علیرضا و آرش سعیدی راد. (۱۴۰۲). مقایسه دیپلماسی عمومی آمریکا در دوره ریاستجمهوری ترامپ و بایدن. مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا، ۳(۹)،۴۷-۶۸. مشیرزاده، حمیرا. (۱۳۸۴). تحول در نظریههای روابط بینالملل. تهران: سمت. یزدانفام، محمود. (۱۳۹۵). سیاست خارجی ترامپ و جمهوری اسلامی ایران. مطالعات راهبردی، 19(74) 139-164. یزدانفام، محمود. (۱۳۹۵). شناخت و راهبرد؛ نگاهی به سیاست خارجی دولت ترامپ. دیدهبان امنیت ملی، ۵۹، 42-33. یوسفی میانجی، عبدالرضا و دیگران(۱۳۹۹). سیاست خارجی ترامپ در خاورمیانه. تحقیقات سیاسی و بینالمللی، 12(42)،61-44. Banai, H. (2025). U.S.-Iran Relations in the Second Trump Administration.Perry World House. Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday. Barber, J. D. (2020). The Presidential Character (5 ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group. Burr, V. (2015). Social Constructionism. New York: Routledge. Calis, Ş. H., & Sheikh, A. M. (2018). Political psychology: Introductory notes on its contribution to the field of international relations. Turan Strategic Research Center journal, 10(40), 584-593. Cottam, M., Mastors, E., & Preston, T. (2022). Introduction to Political Psychology (4 ed.). New York: Routledge Chafetz, G. (2025, 3 12). The US dividing Russia from China? Forget about it. Retrieved from Australian Strategic Policy Institute: https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-us-dividing-russia-from-china-forget-about-it/ Crabtree, J. (2025, 2 18). Trump Could Make China Great Again. Foreign Policy Magazine: https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/02/18/trump-us-china-hawks-pivot-asia-pacific-europe-russia-nato. De Luce, D. (2025, 1 15). Iran 'never' plotted to kill Trump during campaign, Iran's president tells NBC News. Retrieved 1 15, 2025, from NBC News: https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/iran-never-plotted-kill-president-elect-donald-trump-irans-president-t-rcna187644 Dunne, C. (2025, 2 12). Trump’s Second-Term Foreign Policy: Highly Centralized, and Highly Personal. Retrieved from Arab Center Washington DC: https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/trumps-second-term-foreign-policy-highly-centralized-and-highly-personal/ Farzanegan, M., & Batmanghelidj, E. (2023). Understanding Economic Sanctions on Iran: A Survey. The Economists’ Voice. Volume 20 Issue 2, 197-226. doi:10.1515/ev-2023-0014. Hernandez, M. (2025, 1 24). Trump says new nuclear deal with Iran can be brokered. Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/trump-says-new-nuclear-deal-with-iran-can-be-brokered/3460920#. Katzman, K. (2021, July 29). Iran: Politics, Human Rights, and U.S. Policy. https://crsreports.congress.gov. Kasturi, C. S., & Hale, E. (2025, 3 14). Is Trump trying to pull Putin away from China – and can it work? Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/3/14/is-trump-trying-to-pull-putin-away-from-china-and-can-it-work. Kimball, D. (2019, June). Trump’s Failing Iran Policy. Retrieved from Arms Control Association: https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-06/focus/trumps-failing-iran-policy. Kahl, Colin and Hal Brands (2017) 'Trump’s Grand Strategic Train Wreck', Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA), 31 January, https://csbaonline.org/about/news/trumps-grand-strategic-train-wreck Lee .Bandy X. (Ed.). (2017). The dangerous case of Donald Trump: 27 psychiatrists and mental health experts assess a president. St. Martin's Press. Levite, A. (2025, February 18). Prioritizing Nuclear Negotiations With Iran. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2025/02/iran-trump-nuclear-deal?lang=en. Lindsay, J. (2025, January 31). The Costs of Trump’s Foreign Policy Disruption. Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.cfr.org/blog/costs-trumps-foreign-policy-disruption. Mintz, A., & DeRouen, K. (2010). Understanding Foreign Policy Decision Making. Cambridge: Cambridge University. Moshirzadeh, H., & Afrasiabi, S. (2021). Trump’s Cognition and His Unorthodox Foreign Policy Approach. World Sociopolitical Studies. 5)3(. 433-472. Nephew , R., & Tabatabai, A. (2025, February 4). Trump Has a Rare and Short Window to Solve the Iran Problem — Here’s How. https://warontherocks.com/2025/02/trump-has-a-rare-and-short-window-to-solve-the-iran-problem-heres-how/ Shiping, t. (2008). from offensive realism to defensive realism: a social evolutionary interpretation of china's security strategy. In China's Ascent. New York: cornell university press. doi.org/10.7591/9780801456992-009 Roosevelt, T. (1899) Theodore Roosevelt Papers: Series 2: Letterpress Copybooks, -1916; Vol. 21, 1899, Dec. 21-1900, Jan. 31. - January 31, 1900. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mss382990344/. Taliaferro, J. (2000/2001). Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited. International Security, 25,)3(. 128-161. Walt , S. M. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. New York: Cornell University Press. Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of International Politics. New York: Random House. Zhang, C. (2022). Analysis of Trump’s Foreign Policies. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 664, 209-213. ABA. (2021, 1 25). What Is an Executive Order? Retrieved from American Bar Association: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/publications/teaching-legal-docs/what-is-an-executive-order-/ Council on Foreign Relations. (2025). Confrontation Between the United States and Iran. Global Conflict Tracker. Retrieved April 23, 2025, from https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/confrontation-between-united-states-and-iran https://ecoiran.com/fa/tiny/news-59707/ https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C- / https://www.tabnak.ir/00559v/ https://mfa.ir/portal/newsview/759456/ اقتصادنیوز. (۱۴۰۴، 3، 8). چرا ترامپ بیش از بایدن برای توافق با ایران آماده است؟ رایزنی با تهران؛ پلنی که رئیسجمهوری آمریکا باید به جان بخرد. بازیابی شده در 8 خرداد ۱۴۰۴، از https://www.eghtesadnews.com/fa/tiny/news-721969 اکوایران. (1402, 12 22). چرا پکن در قبال تهران دست به عصا است؟. بازیابی از اکوایران: https://ecoiran.com/fa/tiny/news-59707 دویچه وله فارسی. (1403, 11 16). یادداشت اجرایی ترامپ برای "فشار حداکثری بر ایران" منتشر شد. Retrieved from Deutsche Welle: https://p.dw.com/p/4q221 متن کامل مصاحبه شبکه «تلویزیون مرکزی چین (CCTV) با عراقچی وزیر امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران. تارنمای وزارت امور خارجه ج.ا.ایران. (CCTV, مصاحبه کننده) بازیابی از https://mfa.ir/portal/newsview/759456 | ||
Statistics Article View: 126 PDF Download: 20 |