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(2018). Design and Layout of Bollards to Protect Pedestrians Against Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 9(2), 25-36.
. "Design and Layout of Bollards to Protect Pedestrians Against Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device". Electronic and Cyber Defense, 9, 2, 2018, 25-36.
(2018). 'Design and Layout of Bollards to Protect Pedestrians Against Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device', Electronic and Cyber Defense, 9(2), pp. 25-36.
Design and Layout of Bollards to Protect Pedestrians Against Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2018; 9(2): 25-36.

Design and Layout of Bollards to Protect Pedestrians Against Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device

پدافند غیرعامل
Article 3, Volume 9, Issue 2, September 2029, Pages 25-36    PDF (1.06 M)
Document Type: Original Article
Receive Date: 06 February 2017,  Revise Date: 03 March 2019,  Accept Date: 19 September 2018 
Abstract
Nowadays, terrorism is one of the challenges that the built environments and public realm are faced with. Due to their ease of access, little protective security, the prospect for high casualty rates and political impact in the event of a successful attack, highly-important buildings and crowded places are considered attractive targets for terrorists. Therefore, how to deal with the ongoing threat of global and domestic terrorism are important. Urban managers and designers need to consider the hostile vehicle mitigation when designing buildings accessible to the public and public open spaces. One of these measures is the use of bollards, which plays a significant role in reducing property and human losses by creating a stand-off distance. The aim of this research is acquaintance with requirements of the bollards design and layout in order to protect pedestrians against the vehicle-borne improvised explosive device threats. The research method of the study is descriptive and the contents have been collected by using the approach of review in the context of documentary studies, based on the documents and references provided by the UK government. Finally, the findings confirm that the bollards affect the movement and behavior of pedestrians. So, after site analysis and also studying the behavior of pedestrians based on the certain technical standards, the bollards design and layout should be implemented.       
Keywords
Design and Layout; Bollards; Protect Pedestrians; Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device
References
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    1. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 426, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, 2003.##
    2. Home Office, “Protecting Crowded Places: Design and Technical Issues,” London: Home Office, 2012.##
    3. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure, “Integrated Security: A Public Realm Design Guide for Hostile Vehicle Mitigation,” London: CPNI, 2nd Edition, 2014.##
    4. U.S. Department of the Treasury/Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, “Vehicle Bomb Explosion Hazards and Evacuation Distance Table,” 1999. Available: http://www.cffjac.org/go/jac/?LinkServID=A7 1D24BE-1CC4-C201-3EAFCB814A9CC78D. [Accessed: Sept. 13, 2017].##
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    9. Australia-New Zealand National Counter-Terrorism Committee, “Hostile Vehicle Guidelines for Crowded Places,” 2017.##
    10. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure, “Bollards and Pedestrian Movement,” London: Department for Transport, 2013.##
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