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بازگشت رقابت قدرت‌های بزرگ؛ تقابل فناورانه- تجاری آمریکا و چین | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 4، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 15، دی 1403، صفحه 67-94 اصل مقاله (752.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.47176/asr.2024.1258 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهرشاد غفاری زاده1؛ نوذر شفیعی* 2؛ سعید وثوقی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پس از دو دهه نظم جهانی به رهبری آمریکا، بازگشت رقابت قدرت‌های بزرگ به مهم‌ترین ویژگی تعیین کننده نظام بین‌الملل در قرن بیست و یکم تبدیل شده است. در عصر جدید رقابت قدرت‌های بزرگ، تبیین چند قطبی میان آمریکا، چین و روسیه و دوگانۀ چینی- آمریکایی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در حال حاضر که چین دومین اقتصاد و بزرگ‌ترین مصرف کننده انرژی است، در مسیر تبدیل شدن به بزرگ‌ترین اقتصاد جهان تا سال 2030 قرار دارد. ظهور چین به عنوان یک قدرت جهانی، آمریکا را در مؤلفه‌های اقتصادی، نظامی، فناوری و ایدئولوژیک با چالش مواجه کرده است. با توجه به در جریان بودن رقابت میان دو کشور، پرسش اصلی مقاله این است که چین و آمریکا چه روندی را در روابط دوجانبه طی کرده‌اند تا به سطح رقابت و تقابل در بعد فناورانه رسیده‌اند و ابعاد اصلی این رقابت چیست؟ بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش که مبتنی بر روش روند پژوهشی به دست آمده است، می‌توان گفت که هدف راهبردی آمریکا، ادغام چین در سیستم بین‌المللی تحت هژمونی این کشور بود و ریشه در این باور داشت که حمایت از ظهور چین و ادغام آن در نظم بین‌المللی غرب محور منجر به آزادسازی اقتصادی و تسری آن به سیستم سیاسی چین خواهد شد. هدف پژوهش دستیابی به چشماندازی از تقابل ایالات متحده و چین در حوزه فناورانه- تجاری است. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش رقابت بین آمریکا و چین به احتمال زیاد در یک دهه آینده ادامه خواهد یافت و با توجه به پیچیدگی روابط این دو کشور، ممکن است به همدستی‌های محدود و همکاری در چالش‌هایی مانند تغییرات اقلیمی منجر شود و در نهایت یک نظم جدید بین‌المللی را شکل دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| رقابت؛ قدرت‌های بزرگ؛ تقابل فناورانه؛ تقابل تجاری؛ افول آمریکا؛ نظم جدید جهانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Return of Great Power Competition: The Technological-Commercial Confrontation between the U.S. and China | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehrshad GHafarizadeh1؛ Nozar Shafiee2؛ saeed vosoughi3 | ||
| 1PhD Student, in International Relations., Faculty of administrative sciences and economy, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 2International Relation department of tehran university | ||
| 3Department of Political Science, university of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| After two decades of a U.S.-led global order, the resurgence of great power competition has emerged as the defining characteristic of the international system in the 21st century. In this new era of great power rivalry, the multipolar dynamics among the U.S., China, and Russia, along with the U.S.-China duality, hold particular significance. China, currently the second-largest economy and the largest energy consumer, is poised to become the world's largest economy by 2030. China's rise as a global power has presented challenges to the U.S. across economic, military, technological, and ideological dimensions. Given the ongoing competition between the two nations, the central question of this article is what trajectory China and the U.S. have followed in their bilateral relations to reach a level of competition and confrontation in the technological sphere, and what are the primary dimensions of this rivalry? Based on the hypothesis and findings of the research, it can be stated that the strategic goal of the U.S. was to integrate China into the international system under its hegemony, grounded in the belief that supporting China's ascent and incorporating it into a Western-centric international order would foster economic liberalization and extend to China's political system. The objective of this research is to provide an overview of the confrontation between the United States and China in the technological-commercial domain. According to the research findings, competition between the U.S. and China is likely to persist over the next decade, and given the complexity of the relations between these two countries, it may lead to limited collusions and cooperation on challenges such as climate change, ultimately shaping a new international order. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| great power competition, strategic confrontation, transformation, United States, China | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آسیابان، امید. (1401). الگوهای حکمرانی؛ گسل‌‌های ژئوپلیتیک و رقابت آمریکا با چین و روسیه. مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا، 2(7)، 151- 121.
ترکی، هادی. (1403). رهیافت جدید قدرت مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی (مطالعه موردی رقابت آمریکا و چین از ۲۰۱۰ تا ۲۰۲۳). فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، 4 (14)، 92-69.
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