News

 Statistics

Number of Journals34
Number of Issues1,306
Number of Articles9,427
Article View9,188,652
PDF Download5,620,944
Kamalzare, H., Kalantari, F. (2025). Analysis of Hybrid Warfare from the Perspective of U.S. Strategic Documents: Capabilities and Priorities. Electronic and Cyber Defense, (), -.
Hossein Kamalzare; Fathollah Kalantari. "Analysis of Hybrid Warfare from the Perspective of U.S. Strategic Documents: Capabilities and Priorities". Electronic and Cyber Defense, , , 2025, -.
Kamalzare, H., Kalantari, F. (2025). 'Analysis of Hybrid Warfare from the Perspective of U.S. Strategic Documents: Capabilities and Priorities', Electronic and Cyber Defense, (), pp. -.
Kamalzare, H., Kalantari, F. Analysis of Hybrid Warfare from the Perspective of U.S. Strategic Documents: Capabilities and Priorities. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2025; (): -.

Analysis of Hybrid Warfare from the Perspective of U.S. Strategic Documents: Capabilities and Priorities

مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 July 2025
Document Type: Original Article
Authors
Hossein Kamalzare* 1; Fathollah Kalantari2
1Master's degree in International Relations, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2Associate Professor of Strategic Defense Sciences, National Defense University, Tehran, Iran.
Receive Date: 08 March 2025,  Revise Date: 09 July 2025,  Accept Date: 09 July 2025 
Abstract
Hybrid warfare is one of the most widely used concepts in the international system and holds significant importance in the foreign policies of states. Major powers seek to maximize its use to secure their national interests. Therefore, a deep examination of states’ understanding of this concept is essential. In this context, analyzing hybrid warfare from the perspective of USA, as the leading power in the international system, is of particular importance for Iran.
The main objective of this study is to explain the perception of American policymakers regarding hybrid warfare. This applied research follows an exploratory-inductive method. According to the findings, the U.S. possesses the highest military, economic, political, media, security, and cyber capabilities, which significantly enhance Washington’s ability to counter hybrid threats and take retaliatory actions. From the perspective of American policymakers, hybrid warfare involves a wide range of overt and covert military, paramilitary, and non-military actions integrated into a highly coordinated strategy. The aggressor state aims to influence key policymakers and decision-makers in the target country by combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts. According to Washington's perception, the most critical characteristic of hybrid warfare is its covert nature, making it difficult to attribute and punish the aggressor state.
Keywords
Hybrid Warfare; United States of America; Hybrid threats; International system; Hybrid Capabilities
References
Statistics
Article View: 25