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Freud's psychoanalytic theory and its criticism based on the theory of nature of Shahid Motahari | ||
| مطالعات میان رشتهای تمدنی انقلاب اسلامی | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 July 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| Author | ||
| Mohammad Hossein Shahabadi* | ||
| PhD in Communication, Researcher, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| Receive Date: 18 February 2025, Revise Date: 05 June 2025, Accept Date: 29 June 2025 | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Although psychological trends have seemingly had more individualistic and less civilizational approaches, they have managed to leave many civilizational effects. One of the most important of these trends is the approach of Freud's psychoanalysis, which is one of the pioneers of psychology. The purpose of this research is to examine the civilizational effects of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and criticize it based on the theoretical foundations of nature in the thought of Motahari. This research attempts to clarify the role of these foundations in shaping human civilizations by comparative analysis of two different perspectives on human nature. The research method has been conducted in an analytical-comparative manner. In this regard, first, the foundations of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including personality structure, defense mechanisms, stages of psychological development, and Freud's view of women and anxiety, were examined. Then, the civilizational effects of this theory were analyzed in the fields of psychotherapy, philosophy, cognitive sciences, art, and social changes. Next, Motahari's theory of nature was explained and its function in creating moral, legal and cultural systems was examined. Finally, a comparative comparison was made between these two perspectives and a basic critique of psychoanalytic theory was presented. The research findings show that Freud's psychoanalytic theory, with its emphasis on unconscious forces and internal conflicts, presents a reductionist image of man that creates a civilization based on the suppression of instincts and internal crises. In contrast, Motahari's theory of nature, with its emphasis on consciousness, free will and the divine nature of man, proposes a model of a civilization that is transcendental, moral and spiritually oriented, and in this way shows how unsuccessful and destructive Freudian psychoanalysis is. This research emphasizes the necessity of reviewing the anthropological foundations of contemporary civilization and reviving the concept of nature in civilizational theorizing. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Civilization; psychoanalysis; Freud; theory of nature; Shahid Motahari | ||
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