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ارزیابی انتقادی راهبرد «سیاست مستقل ملی» در ایران، تحلیل محتوای تاریخ شفاهی هاروارد (۱۳۴۰-۱۳۵۷) | ||
| دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 1، خرداد 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: سیاست خارجی ایران | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهروز شریعتی* 1؛ علی آذری مقدم2؛ عادل فاریابی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، مسائل ایران، گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری،جامعه شناسی سیاسی، گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری، جامعه شناسی سیاسی، گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 30 اردیبهشت 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 شهریور 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 30 شهریور 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تدوین راهبرد سیاست خارجی، نه فقط سامانبخش الگوهای تعامل با سایرکشورها است بلکه نقش تعیینکنندهای در استفاده بهینه از فرصتها و مدیریت مؤثر تهدیدهای مرتبط با منافع ملی ایفا مینماید. هدف این نوشتار ارزیابی انتقادی مهمترین راهبرد سیاستخارجی پهلوی دوم، موسوم به «سیاست مستقل ملی» است. این پژوهش در چارچوب نظری «پرسپکتیویسم» کوشیده است تا به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که چگونه پنداشتهای مقامات ایران از نظام بینالمللی(سالهای 1340- 57) به ناکارامدی سیاست مستقل ملی انجامید؟ یافتههای مقاله نشان میدهد مناسبات نابرابر ایران با قدرتهای خارجی، بیاعتمادی تاریخی به قدرتهای خارجی و احساس حقارت کارگزاران سیاست خارجی ایران، موجب میشد تا تصمیمسازان کلیدی، تردیدی عمیق نسبت به امکان موفقیت این راهبرد در برابر مناسبات قدرت نابرابر جهان وجود داشته باشد. دادههای این پژوهش در دو مرحله بررسی شد؛ در مرحله اول با روش «تحلیل محتوای هدفمند»، تاریخ شفاهی هاروارد، تجربه زیسته جمعی از کارگزاران سیاست خارجی کشور بازخوانی شد و در ادامه با گزینش گویههای انتقادی کارگزاران سیاست خارجی ایران، مهمترین مقولهها از تصورات آنان شناسایی شده است؛ در مرحله دوم با به کارگیری روش ردیابی فرآیند، چگونگی ناکامی سیاست مستقل ملی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ایران؛ سیاست خارجی؛ پهلوی دوم؛ سیاست مستقل ملی؛ تاریخ شفاهی هاروارد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Critical Appraisal Review of Iran’s “National Independent Policy”: Content Analysis of the Harvard Oral History Project (1961–1979) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahrooz Shariati1؛ Ali Azari Moghadam2؛ Adel Faryabi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Iranian Affairs, Department of Political Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2PhD student, Political Sociology, Department of Political Science, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3PhD student, Political Sociology, Department of Political Science, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The articulation of a coherent foreign policy strategy in an increasingly complex and multipolar international order constitutes one of the most essential determinants of safeguarding and enhancing national interests. Within this broader framework, strategy in foreign policy not only functions as the organizing principle of a state’s patterns of interaction with other actors, but also assumes a pivotal role in maximizing opportunities while simultaneously managing threats that bear upon national security and development. This article undertakes a critical examination of the collapse of the most consequential foreign policy strategy of the Pahlavi monarchy, namely the National Independent Policy. Anchored in the theoretical framework of perspectivism, the study seeks to answer a fundamental question: How did Iranian officials’ perceptions of the international system (1961–1979) lead to the ineffectiveness of “national independent policy”? The findings reveal that the persistence of asymmetrical relations between Iran and the great powers, coupled with their pervasive dominance over the country, compounded by a deeply rooted historical mistrust of external powers and the pervasive sense of inferiority felt among Iranian foreign policy elites, engendered profound skepticism among key decision-makers regarding the feasibility of this strategy in a world order structured by unequal power relations. Methodologically, the research proceeded in two stages. In the first stage, employing a directed content analysis, the Harvard Oral History Project was revisited through a thematic reading of the lived experiences of Iranian foreign policy officials. The critical reflections of these officials were selected, coded, and categorized, thereby revealing the most salient thematic constructs shaping their perceptions. In the second stage, drawing upon the method of process tracing, the study delineates the causal dynamics that led to the ultimate failure of the National Independent Policy. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Iran, Foreign Policy, Mohammad Reza Shah, National Independent Policy. Iranian Oral History- Harvard | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 411 |
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