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واکاوی مؤلفه های طراحی مجتمع مسکونی امن با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل(مطالعه موردی: شهر تبریز) | ||
| پدافند غیرعامل | ||
| دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، خرداد 1405، صفحه 123-140 اصل مقاله (1.14 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.47176/pd.2026.1572 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیده فاطمه لاری1؛ حامد بیتی* 2؛ بیتا شفائی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد معماری اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 شهریور 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 29 مهر 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 26 آذر 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امنیت در مجتمعهای مسکونی یکی از محورهای کلیدی ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و کاهش آسیبپذیری در برابر تهدیدات طبیعی و انسانی است. رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل بهعنوان راهکاری غیرمسلحانه میتواند نقش مهمی در تقویت ایمنی کالبدی و ادراکی_فضایی مسکن ایفا کند. پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی و ارزیابی مؤلفهها و زیرمؤلفههای طراحی مجتمع مسکونی امن با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل در شهر تبریز، باتوجهبه ویژگیهای اقلیمی و کالبدی خاص آن، انجام شد. شهر تبریز به دلیل موقعیت ژئوپلیتیکی ویژه در شمال غرب کشور، سابقهی وقوع زمینلرزههای متعدد، تراکم بالای بافتهای فرسوده، تمرکز بالای جمعیتی و موقعیت صنعتی آن، از جمله شهرهایی است که تحلیل پدافند غیرعامل در آن اهمیت دوچندان دارد. این مطالعه از نوع کاربردی_توصیفی بوده و در دو مرحله صورت گرفت؛ ابتدا مبانی نظری با روش کتابخانهای گردآوری و بر اساس آن مدلی مفهومی شامل ۱۰ مؤلفه اصلی و ۴۱ زیرمؤلفه تدوین شد. سپس برای ارزیابی مدل، پرسشنامهای محقق ساخته بر اساس مقیاس پنجگزینهای لیکرت طراحی و در اختیار ۶۰ نفر از متخصصان حوزه مسکن، شامل معماران و مهندسان عمران، قرار گرفت. پایایی پرسشنامه با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 92/0 تأیید شد. دادهها با نرمافزار SPSS تحلیل گردید و میانگینها، آزمون t مستقل و تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه برای مقایسه گروهها بر اساس جنسیت، سابقه کاری و سطح تحصیلات مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مؤلفه «تسهیلات حرکتی و تخلیه اضطراری» با میانگین 525/4 بالاترین اهمیت را از نظر متخصصان داشته و مؤلفه «حس تعلق به فضا» با میانگین 42/3 کمترین میزانپذیرش را کسب کرده است. در سطح زیرمؤلفهها، ۳۳ شاخص تأیید و ۸ شاخص رد شدند. همچنین اختلافنظرهایی محدود میان گروههای مختلف بر اساس جنسیت و سابقه کاری مشاهده شد که عمدتاً به مؤلفههای ادراکی و ذهنی مربوط بود. یافتهها نشان میدهد طراحی مجتمعهای مسکونی امن نیازمند توجه توأمان به ابعاد کالبدی و ادراکی امنیت است و اختلافنظر میان متخصصان تأکید میکند که سیاستگذاری و طراحی در این حوزه باید مبتنی بر رویکردی جامع و چندبعدی باشد تا طیف متنوعی از دیدگاهها و نیازهای کاربران پوشش داده شود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پدافند غیرعامل؛ مسکن امن؛ فضای امن؛ مجتمع مسکونی؛ تبریز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Analysis of Design Components for Safe Residential Complexes with a Passive Defense Approach (A Case Study of Tabriz ) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyede Fateme Lari1؛ Hamed Beyti2؛ Bita Shafaei3 | ||
| 1Master's student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Security in residential complexes is one of the key dimensions for enhancing the quality of life and reducing vulnerability to natural and human-made threats. The passive defense approach, as a non-military strategy, can play a significant role in strengthening both the physical and perceptual–spatial safety of housing environments. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the components and subcomponents of safe residential complex design based on the principles of passive defense in the city of Tabriz, considering its specific climatic and physical characteristics.Tabriz, due to its unique geopolitical position in the northwest of Iran, history of frequent earthquakes, high population density, concentration of deteriorated urban fabrics, and its industrial significance, is among the cities where analyzing passive defense has particular importance. The research is applied–descriptive in nature and was conducted in two stages. First, the theoretical foundations were reviewed through library studies, and a conceptual model comprising ten main components and forty-one subcomponents was developed. Then, to evaluate the model, a researcher-made questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was designed and distributed among 60 housing experts, including architects and civil engineers. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.92. Data were analyzed using SPSS software through means comparison, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA to examine differences among groups based on gender, work experience, and education level. The results indicated that the component “mobility facilities and emergency evacuation” had the highest importance from experts’ viewpoints (mean = 4.525), while “sense of place attachment” had the lowest acceptance (mean = 3.42). At the subcomponent level, 33 indicators were confirmed and 8 were rejected. Limited differences among groups were observed, mainly related to perceptual and psychological dimensions.Overall, the findings highlight that designing safe residential complexes requires simultaneous attention to both physical and perceptual dimensions of security. Moreover, the observed differences among experts emphasize the need for comprehensive and multidimensional approaches in policymaking and design to encompass the diverse perspectives and needs of users. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Passive Defense, Safe Housing, Safe Space, Residential Complex, Tabriz | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 139 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 13 |
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