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تحول جایگاه اقتصادی ایالات متحده آمریکا در معماری نوین اقتصاد جهانی: نقشآفرینی بریکس و اقتصادهای برتر شمال آفریقا | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 22 تیر 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه اژدری* 1؛ مجید رسولی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه مطالعات اقتصادی، مرکز مطالعات آفریقا، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه ژئوپولیتیک، مرکز مطالعات آفریقا، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 22 شهریور 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 12 تیر 1405، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 تیر 1405 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با وجود گسترش مطالعات درباره کاهش نسبی قدرت اقتصادی ایالات متحده و ظهور قدرتهای نوظهور، تاکنون ارزیابی جامعی از نقش همزمان ائتلاف بریکس و اقتصادهای برتر شمال آفریقا در تغییر موازنه قدرت اقتصادی بینالمللی ارائه نشدهاست. این مقاله به بررسی نقش فعال کشورهای عضو بریکس و اقتصادهای کلیدی شمال آفریقا (الجزایر، مصر و مراکش) در جهتدهی به ایجاد یک نظم نوین اقتصاد جهانی میپردازد. لذا پرسش اصلی این است که آیا این ائتلاف ظرفیت لازم برای بازآرایی مؤثر موازنه قدرت جهانی و کاهش وابستگی مالی نظام بینالملل به کشور آمریکا را داراست؟ مقاله حاضر با اتکا بر چارچوب نظری قدرت ساختاری و رویکرد گذار هژمونیک و با تحلیل دادههای آماری نهادهایی چون بانک جهانی، صندوق بینالمللی پول و سازمان تجارت جهانی، وقوع یک تغییر عظیم در موازنه قدرت را ترسیم میکند. بر اساس این پژوهش که با روش مطالعه اسنادی و مبتنی بر رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است، سهم ایالات متحده از تولید جهانی طی شش دهه از حدود 40 درصد به 27 درصد کاهش یافتهاست، در حالی که سهم ترکیبی بریکس و شمال آفریقا از 17 درصد به بیش از 31 درصد افزایش یافتهاست. نمونههایی چون مصر، الجزایر و مراکش با اتکا بر منابع انرژی، موقعیت ژئوپلیتیکی و روابط استراتژیک خود با چین، هند و روسیه، در حال تبدیل شدن به قطبهای قدرت اقتصادی منطقهای هستند. در نتیجه، اقتصاد جهانی آینده نه بر هژمونی تککشورها، بلکه بر همافزایی جمعی بازارهای نوظهور بنا خواهد شد، جایی که محور بریکس و شمال آفریقا نقشی تسهیلکننده و کلیدی ایفا خواهد کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| هژمونی اقتصادی آمریکا؛ بریکس؛ شمال آفریقا؛ معماری نوین اقتصاد جهانی؛ گذار از نظم اقتصادی آمریکایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Transformation of the United States’ Economic Position in the New Architecture of the Global Economy: The Role of BRICS and the Leading Economies of North Africa | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Azhdari1؛ Magid Rasouli2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Economic Studies, Center for African Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Geopolitics, Center for African Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Despite the expansion of studies on the relative decline of the economic power of the United States and the rise of emerging powers, no comprehensive assessment has yet been offered of the simultaneous role of the BRICS coalition and the leading economies of North Africa in altering the balance of international economic power. This article examines the active role of the BRICS member states and the key economies of North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco) in shaping the emergence of a new global economic order. Accordingly, the main question is whether this coalition possesses the necessary capacity to effectively reconfigure the global balance of power and reduce the international system’s financial dependence on the United States. Relying on the theoretical framework of structural power and the hegemonic transition approach, and through the analysis of statistical data from institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, the article depicts the occurrence of a major shift in the balance of power. Based on this research, which has been conducted through documentary study and a descriptive-analytical approach, the share of the United States in global production has declined over six decades from approximately 40 percent to 27 percent, while the combined share of BRICS and North Africa has increased from 17 percent to more than 31 percent. Cases such as Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco, drawing on their energy resources, geopolitical position, and strategic relations with China, India, and Russia, are becoming regional poles of economic power. As a result, the future global economy will be built not on the hegemony of single states, but on the collective synergy of emerging markets, in which the BRICS–North Africa axis will play a facilitating and pivotal role. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| U.S. economic hegemony, BRICS, North Africa, new architecture of the global economy, transition from the American economic order | ||
| مراجع | ||
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