آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 36 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,192 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,579 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,988,783 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,032,634 |
منظر به مثابه معماری؛ رهیافتی نوین به سوی نجات‌بخشی معماری توسط منظر با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل | ||
| پدافند غیرعامل | ||
| دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، تیر 1402، صفحه 99-109 اصل مقاله (1.56 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی خاک‌زند* 1؛ هانیه جعفری خالدی2 | ||
| 1دانشیار گروه معماری (منظر) دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 02 مهر 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 14 آبان 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 16 بهمن 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| عدم کارایی کامل جنگ‌افزارها در برابر حملات دشمنان موجب ایجاد رویکرد دفاع غیر عامل گردید. از طرفی، ارتباط تنگاتنگ محیط و کاربران موجب نقوذ سریع رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل به مباحث محیطی شد. این امر در حالی است که بسیاری از پژوهش‌های این حوزه به اصول طراحی معماری، ساختمان‌های با ضریب اهمیت بالا پرداخته‌اند. تا جایی که فقدان توجه به طراحی منظر در مقررات ملی ساختمان نیز وجود دارد، و با اغماض در بخش مختصری به طراحی محوطه پرداخته شده است. در صورتی که، معماری منظر می‌تواند پشتیبانی مؤثر در دفاع غیر عامل و کاهش صدمات و حمایت از کاربران در هنگام بروز سوانح باشد. پیش فرض این نوشتار این است که معماری منظر می‌تواند نجات‌بخش معماری و شهرسازی با رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل باشد. به بیانی، بهره‌گیری از اصول پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی منظر از جمله تمهیداتی است که بکارگیری آن در سطوح مختلف از برنامه‌ریزی تا طراحی می‌تواند موجب کاهش شدت و گستردگی خطرات ناشی از خطرات طبیعی و غیرطبیعی گردد. با این وجود، عمده مطالعات در این حیطه به معماری و شهرسازی اختصاص دارد و راهکارهای مؤثر در بکارگیری رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل در منظر مغفول مانده است. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی، با رویکرد کیفی، و مبتنی بر مورد پژوهی و روش تحقیق استدلال منطقی در جهت پاسخ به این پرسش که: "چگونه منظر به مثابه معماری می‌تواند نجات‌بخش محیط ساخته شده باشد؟" نگاشته شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر، حاکی از آن است که اصول طراحی منظر تدافعی در دو بعد کلان (مقیاس فضایی، کاربری‌ها، تنوع کیفیات فضایی، جانمایی و موقعیت‌یابی) و خرد (عناصر مصنوع-مبلمان، متریال، عناصر طبیعی منظرین) قابل تبیین است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| منظر به مثابه معماری؛ اصول طراحی؛ منظر تدافعی؛ پدافند غیرعامل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Landscape as Architecture A New Approach to Saving Architecture by Landscape with a Passive Defense Approach | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mehdi Khakzand1؛ Hanieh Jafari Khaledi2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2PhD. candidate in Architecture at School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The complete ineffectiveness of weapons against enemy attacks led to the creation of a passive defense approach. On the other hand, the close relationship between the environment and users caused the rapid deterioration of the passive defense approach to environmental issues even though many studies in this field have dealt with the principles of architectural design, buildings with a high importance factor. To the extent that there is a lack of attention to landscape design in the national building regulations, the area design has been neglected in a brief section. In this case, landscape architecture can be practical support in passive defense, reduce injuries, and support users when accidents occur. This article assumes that landscape architecture can be the savior of architecture and urban planning with a passive defense approach. In other words, using the principles of passive defense in landscape design is one of the measures that can be used at different levels, from planning to design, to reduce the severity and extent of risks caused by natural and unnatural risks. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this field are dedicated to architecture and urban planning, and practical solutions in applying the passive defense approach have been neglected. Based on this, the current research is of applied type, with a qualitative approach, and based on the case study and logical reasoning research method to answer the question: "How landscape as architecture can save the built environment?" has been written. The results demonstrated that the principles of defensive landscape design could be explained in two macro dimensions (spatial scale, uses, diversity of spatial qualities, placement, and positioning) and micro dimensions (artificial elements-furniture, material, natural landscape elements). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Landscape as Architecture, Principles of Design, Defensive Landscape, Passive Defense | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] G. Haghighat Naieni and A. Faramarzi, «Site Location of Public Shelters with Passive Defense Approach in the City of Tehran, Region 16,» \iPassive Def. Q., 2, 29-47, 2013 [2] M. Mohebian and K. Momeni, “Clarifying the principles of passive defense in the architectural design of Underground Residential Complexes by Delphi method,” Passive Def. Q., no. 3, pp. 39-50, 2019. [3] A. H. Maslow, Motivation and personality. Prabhat Prakashan, 1981. [4] M. M. Azizi and R. Akbari, “Urban Planning Issues in Earthquake Vulnerability,” Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba Archit. Urban., no. 34, 2008. [5] A. A. Jeddi, “Architectural requirements in non-sustainable defense,” Tehran Shahid Beheshti Univ., 2007. [6] M. Pormohammadi, Housing planning. Tehran: SAMT publisher, 2014. [7] F. Habib, “The role of city form in reducing earthquake hazards,” in Proceedings of the first international conference on natural disasters in urban areas, Tehran, 1992. [8] M. Baastani, F. Mohammadniay Gharaee, and S. Saiedi, “Spatial Planning of Houses with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study of Mashhad Noghan Neighborhood),” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 1, pp. 73-85, 2019. [9] S. A. Mahdinia and S. J. Hashemi Fesharak, “principles of Designing Underground Spaces Based on Passive Defense Considerations,” Passive Def. Q., no. 2, pp. 29-40, 2016. [10] M. Bitarafan, “Examining architectural styles and developing indicators compatible with the principles of passive defense,” Master degree, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, 2012. [11] H. Shahsavari, V. Ghorbani, and B. Rabiee, “Effect of self-classification of urban areas on approach to passive defense,” Urban Manag., no. 38, pp. 371-390, 2015. [12] A. Saeidi, S. Savadkohi far, and H. Shiva, “Passive Defense Consideration Urban Environmental Technologys of Settlments (Tehran 15 th District Case Studding),” Passive Def. Q., no. 3, pp. 15-30, 2015. [13] J. Abasspour, An introduction to the basic principles of passive defense. Tehran. [14] F. Zaeimi, S. Mehregan, M. Mahmoodi Zarandi, and N. Saeidi Rezvani, “Green View from Passive Defense Perspectives,” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 15, pp. 35-44, 2013. [15] S. M. M. Safavi, “The Role of Green Roofs and Facades from the Passive Defense View, the Case of Green Bodies in the City of Tehran,” Sustain. Archit. Urban., no. 2, pp. 29-41, 2013. [16] B. Aminzadeh, F. Dae nezhad, and S. B. Hosseini, Principles and guidelines for designing and equipping open spaces of residential complexes for the purpose of passive defense. Tehran: Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center, 2006. [17] Jafar Movahedinia, Principles and Foindations of Passive Defense. Tehran: Malek Ashtar University of Technology, 2007. [18] S. Maleki and Y. Mahali, “Analysis of Structural Vulnerability of Hospitals in Terms of Passive Defense Measures, Using FAHP (Case Study: The City of Dezful),” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 3, pp. 65-76, 2017.
[19] Y. Esmailzadeh, A. Asgharian Jedi, and M. Tari, “Providing Passive Defense Solutions for the Architecture of Medical Centers (Case study: Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom),” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 2, pp. 19-31, 2021. [20] H. Salehi and E. Akbari, “Providing Architectural Patterns for Designing Hidden Buildings Against Military Threats Based on the Inside Camouflaged Method,” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 2, pp. 83-95, 2019. [21] M. Dezfolinezhad, “Investigating effective components in urban design from a defense perspective and providing solutions based on passive defense considerations to reduce vulnerability,” in Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Urban Development, 2011. [22] K. Momeni, K. Attarian, M. Shirzad, and N. Haj Mousa Borojerdi, “Recognition of passive defense principles in architectural design of Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful,” Sci. J. Passive Def., pp. 39-50, 2018. [23] parvin Partovi, “Examining the obstacles, limitations and contradictions in the field of implementing measures to reduce vulnerability to earthquakes,” in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tehran, 1995. [24] M. Aminaei and M. Modiri, “Designing and planning urban parks for the implementation of the settlement and relief plan (from the point of view of passive defense),” Sci.-Spec. Q. J. Irans Passive Def. Sci. Assoc., no. 1, pp. 37-46, 2013. [25] H. Bekraee and M. Azmoodeh, “Appraisal of Urban Landscape Design Elements with a Passive Defense Approach,” J. Shahr-E-Tabavar, no. 2, pp. 17-28, 2020. [26] S. Hasanvand, M. Khojasteh Ghamari, and S. Shakouri Partovi, “Examination passive defense role in spatial distribution of urban region,” J. Eng. Res. Appl. ISSN, pp. 2248-9622, 2014. [27] A. Ladan Moghadam, “Analyze the role of parks and gardens in urban crisis management in Tehran in line with the principles of passive defense,” Q. Geogr. Reg. Plan., no. 3, pp. 317-340, 2019. [28] M. Farzam Shad, “Considerations for Designing Environments from Passive Defense Perspective,” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 1, pp. 57-65, 2010. [29] l. . Ebrahiminejad and M. Zohrehi, “Locating A Suitable Place To Settle in Urban Passive Defense Using Geographic Information System (Case Study: District 4 of City of Kerman),” Int. J. BasicSciences Appl. Res., 2014. [30] S. E. Mir Hashemi Roteh, “Urban planning and strengthening the vulnerable elements of the city with an approach to passive defense considerations,” presented at the The third national urban development conference, 2011. [31] G. Hajimoradi, A. Rajabpoor, and H. Sahami, “The Design and Location Assignment of Multi-Purpose Forest Parks with Passive Defense Requirements (Case study of Tehran: Region no.4),” Sci. J. Passive Def., no. 4, pp. 53-63, 2022. [32] Department of Homeland Security. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Reference Manual To Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings. Government Printing Office, 2003. [33] P. Zivyar, H. Hosseini Amini, and M. Dorodi, Urbanization based on passive defense. Tehran: Iranian Geography Association, 1395. [34] M. Behzadnia, “Providing urban furniture design model to facilitate crisis management,” Master degree, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, 2014. [35] W. Chuan، “A closer look at the Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial Museum in China’s Sichuan Province.https://www.globaltimes.cn/galleries/1712.html،” 00-۲۰۱۸. . [36] “world-architects.com Profiles of Selected Architects.https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecturenews/reviews/earthquake-memorial-in-sichuan-1.” . [37] “Earthquake Museum, Wenchuan.https://www.worldarchitects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/earthquake-memorial-insichuan-1.” . [38] “Meydan - Umraniye Retail Complex & Multiplex / FOA.https://www.archdaily.com/3338/meydan-umraniye-retail-complex-multiplex-foa.” . [39] “Zentrum Paul Klee, Bern.https://lds.geo.uzh.ch/de/Alle-Orte/Espace-Mittelland/Zentrum-Paul-Klee.html#bild-4-1.” . [40] “Paul Klee Centre.https://roethlisberger.ch/en/projects/zentrum-paul-klee.” . [41] “Paul Klee Centre in Berne.https://www.imoa.info/download_files/stainless-steel/euroinox/Paul_Klee.pdf.” . [42] “Ramat Hanadiv Visiting Center / Ada Karmi-Melamede Architects.https://www.archdaily.com/189050/ramat-hanadiv-visiting-center-ada-karmi-melamede-architects.” . [43] R. Mohammadzadeh, “Assessment of Spatial and Physical Factors Quality of Sahand New Town Residential Communities Open (Outdoor) Spaces,” Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba Archit. Urban., no. 47, pp. 29-38, 2011. [44] M. Esmaeli and A. A. Taghvae, “Urban Reorganization with Focus on Passive Defense (Case Study: Birjand),” Urban Manag., no. 28, pp. 93-110, 2011. [45] V. Ebrahimnia and M. Ghaedi, “Passive Defence in Tehran: An Evaluation of Legal Frameworks,” SOFFEH, no. 3, pp. 77-94, 2020. [46] M. Ezadi and M. Haghi, “Improving the sense of security in public spaces by using urban design, (Study example: Imam Square, Hamedan),” Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba Archit. Urban., no. 2, pp. 5-12, 2015.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 767 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 540 |
||