آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 36 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,192 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,579 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,988,716 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,032,570 |
بررسی تجربی اثر انباشت تدریجی آب مایع در کاتد بر نمودار امپدانس پیل سوختی غشاء پلیمری در حالت عملکرد انتها بسته با استفاده از روش طیف‌نگاری امپدانس الکتروشیمیایی | ||
| مکانیک هوافضا | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 19، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 72، شهریور 1402، صفحه 95-111 اصل مقاله (1.94 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: گرایش پیشرانش و انتقال حرارت | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید شاطری* 1؛ فرشاد ترابی2 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول: دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی سیستم‌های انرژی، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی سیستم‌های انرژی، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 28 آذر 1401، تاریخ بازنگری: 24 دی 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 05 بهمن 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیل‌های سوختی غشاء پلیمری با عملکرد انتها بسته به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مهم برای نیل به آینده‌ای پاک و مطمئن ازنظر تأمین انرژی در حوزه حمل‌ونقل و حتی کاربردهای نظامی و فضایی شناخته می‌شوند. بااین‌حال توسعه تجاری آن‌ها منوط به فائق آمدن بر معضل مدیریت آب می‌باشد که در حین عملکرد انتها بسته در آن‌ها انباشته می‌شود. در تحقیق حاضر به بررسی تجربی اثر انباشت تدریجی آب مایع در کاتد بر نمودار امپدانس پیل سوختی انتها بسته با استفاده از روش طیف‌نگاری امپدانس الکتروشیمیایی پرداخته شد. علی‌رغم محدود بودن این روش به سیستم‌های پایا و ذات گذرای عملکرد انتها بسته، با اندازه‌گیری امپدانس هر فرکانس در یک بازه عملکرد جداگانه شرایط شبه پایا برای تست فراهم شد. علاوه بر این، اثر رطوبت نسبی، دمای کاری و فشار ورودی گازهای واکنش‌دهنده نیز بر امپدانس پیل سوختی انتها بسته بررسی شد. نتایج حاکی از وجود دائم مقدار زیادی آب در پیل سوختی در این نوع عملکرد می‌باشد که هرچند به مرطوب ماندن غشاء و کاهش مقاومت اهمی کمک می‌کند، امّا انباشت تدریجی آن انتقال گازهای واکنش‌دهنده (خصوصاً اکسیژن) را به لایه کاتالیستی با مشکل مواجه ساخته و به افزایش مقاومت انتقال جرم می‌انجامد. همچنین آب‌گرفتگی لایه کاتالیستی نیز منجر به افت سینتیک واکنش و درنتیجه افزایش مقاومت انتقال بار می‌شود؛ بنابراین لازم است با در نظر گرفتن آستانه‌ای برای مقدار مجاز مقاومت کلی سل، معیاری برای زمان باز کردن شیر تخلیه جهت جلوگیری از افت بیش‌ازاندازه ولتاژ تعریف نمود که موضوع گام بعدی این پژوهش است. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
| ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پیل سوختی غشاء پلیمری؛ عملکرد انتها بسته؛ انباشت آب مایع؛ طیف‌نگاری امپدانس الکتروشیمیایی؛ بررسی تجربی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Cathode Side Liquid Water Accumulation on the Impedance of a Dead Ended Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Shateri1؛ Farschad Torabi2 | ||
| 1Corresponding author: Ph.D. Student, Department of Energy Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, KNTU University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Energy Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, KNTU University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with dead-end mode operation are known as an important alternative for achieving a clean and sustainable future in terms of energy supply for the transportation sector, as well as for military and aerospace applications. Their commercial success, however, is dependent on addressing the water management issue that accumulates inside their channels and porous media during dead-end operations. The current work utilized the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method to evaluate the effect of gradual accumulation of liquid water in the cathode on the impedance diagram of a dead-end fuel cell. Despite the fact that this approach is limited to steady-state systems and dead-end operation is transient, quasi-steady conditions were provided for the test by measuring the impedance of each frequency in a distinct dead-end interval. Furthermore, the effect of relative humidity, operating temperature, and inlet pressure of reacting gases on the impedance of a dead-end fuel cell was examined. The results show that in such a situation, a large amount of water is always present in the fuel cell, which, while it helps to keep the membrane hydrated and reduces ohmic resistance, causes difficulty in the transport of reacting gases (particularly oxygen) to the catalyst layer, increasing mass transport resistance. Moreover, flooding the catalyst layer reduces the kinetics of the reaction and, as a consequence, increases the charge transfer resistance. Therefore, it is required to specify a criterion for the opening time of the purge valve by considering a threshold for the acceptable value of the cell's total resistance to prevent excessive voltage drop, which is the subject of the next step of this research. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, Dead end mode operation, Liquid water accumulation, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Experimental investigation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Staffell I, Scamman D, Velazquez Abad A, Balcombe P, Dodds PE, Ekins P, et al. The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Global Energy System. Energy & Environmental Science. 2019;12(2):463–91.## [2] Thomas JM, Edwards PP, Dobson PJ, Owen GP. Decarbonising Energy: The Developing International Activity in Hydrogen Technologies and Fuel Cells. Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020;51:405–15.## [3] Satyapal S. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Overview. US Department of Energy Annual Merit Review; 2018.## [4] Chapman A, Nguyen DH, Farabi‐Asl H, Itaoka K, Hirose K, Fujii Y. Hydrogen Penetration and Fuel Cell Vehicle Deployment in the Carbon Constrained Future Energy System. IET Electrical Systems in Transportation. 2020;10(4):409–16.## [5] Pei P, Chen H. Main Factors Affecting the Lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Vehicle applications: a Review. Applied Energy. 2014;125:60–75.## [6] Tsourapas V, Stefanopoulou A, Sun J. Dynamics, Optimization and Control of a Fuel Cell Based Combined Heat Power (CHP) System for Shipboard Applications. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. 2005;3:1993–8.## [7] Herwerth C, Chiang C, Ko A, Matsuyama S, Choi SB, Mirmirani M, Gamble D, Paul R, Sanchez V, Arena A, Koschany A. Development of a Small Long Endurance Hybrid PEM Fuel Cell Powered UAV. SAE Technical Paper (No. 2007-01-3930); 2007.## [8] Kohout LL, Schmitz PC. An Analysis of Fuel Cell Options for an All-Electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (No. NASA/TM-2007-214699); 2007.## [9] Psoma A, Sattler G. Fuel Cell Systems for Submarines: from the First Idea to Serial Production. Journal of Power Sources. 2002;106(1):381–3.## [10] Barbir F. PEM Fuel Cells : Theory and Practice. Elsevier Acadademic Press; 2013.## [11] Kurnia JC, Sasmito AP, Shamim T. Advances in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Dead-End Anode Operation: a Review. Applied Energy. 2019;252:113416.## [12] Chiche A, Lindbergh G, Stenius I, Lagergren C. Design of Experiment to Predict the Time between Hydrogen Purges for an Air-Breathing PEM Fuel Cell in Dead-End Mode in a Closed Environment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021;46(26):13806–17.## [13] Choi JW, Hwang Y-S, Seo J-H, Lee DH, Cha SW, Kim MS. An Experimental Study on the Purge Characteristics of the Cathodic Dead-End Mode PEMFC for the Submarine or Aerospace Applications and Performance Improvement with the Pulsation Effects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2010 Apr;35(8):3698–711.## [14] Wang XR, Ma Y, Gao J, Li T, Jiang GZ, Sun ZY. Review on Water Management Methods for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021;46(22):12206–29.## [15] Nirunsin S, Khunatorn Y. Quantification of Liquid Water Saturation in a Transparent Single-Serpentine Cathode Flow Channel of PEM Fuel Cell by using Image Processing. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment. 2010;1:129-35.## [16] Chevalier S, Lee J, Ge N, Yip R, Antonacci P, Tabuchi Y, et al. In Operando Measurements of Liquid Water Saturation Distributions and Effective Diffusivities of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers. Electrochimica Acta. 2016 Jan;210:792–803.## [17] Lee J, Escribano S, Micoud F, Gebel G, Lyonnard S, Porcar L, et al. In Situ Measurement of Ionomer Water Content and Liquid Water Saturation in Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers by High-Resolution Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 2020;3(9):8393–401.## [18] Cadet C, Jemei S, Druart F, Hissel D. Diagnostic Tools for PEMFCs: from Conception to Implementation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014 Jul;39(20):10613–26.## [19] Meyer Q, Ashton S, Curnick O, Reisch T, Adcock P, Ronaszegi K, et al. Dead-Ended Anode Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stack Operation Investigated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Off-Gas Analysis and Thermal Imaging. Journal of Power Sources. 2014;254:1–9.## [20] Strahl S, Husar A, Riera J. Experimental Study of Hydrogen Purge Effects on Performance and Efficiency of an Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System. Journal of Power Sources. 2014;248:474–82.## [21] Ge N, Chevalier S, Muirhead D, Banerjee R, Lee J, Liu H, et al. Detecting Cathode Corrosion in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Dead-Ended Anode Mode via Alternating Current Impedance. Journal of Power Sources. 2019;439:227089.## [22] Asghari S, Ashraf Khorasani MR, Dashti I. Investigation of Self-Humidified and Dead-Ended Anode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016;41(28):12347–57.## [23] You C, Zabara MA, Orazem ME, Ulgut B. Application of the Kramers–Kronig Relations to Multi-Sine Electrochemical Impedance Measurements. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2020;167(2):020515.## [24] Orazem ME, Tribollet B. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Hoboken, Nj: Wiley Blackwell; 2017.## [25] Boukamp BA. A Linear Kronig‐Kramers Transform Test for Immittance Data Validation. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 1995;142(6):1885–94.## [26] Chandesris M, Robin C, Gerard M, Bultel Y. Investigation of the Difference between the Low Frequency Limit of the Impedance Spectrum and the Slope of the Polarization Curve. Electrochimica Acta. 2015;180:581–90.## [27] Yuan X, Sun JC, Blanco M, Wang H, Zhang J, Wilkinson DP. AC Impedance Diagnosis of a 500W PEM Fuel Cell Stack: Part I: Stack Impedance. Journal of Power Sources. 2006;161(2):920–8.## [28] Yuan X, Wang H, Colinsun J, Zhang J. AC Impedance Technique in PEM Fuel Cell diagnosis—A Review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2007;32(17):4365–80.## [29] Ma T, Lin W, Zhang Z, Kang J, Yang Y. Research on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope Behavior of Fuel Cell Stack under Different Reactant Relative Humidity. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021;46(33):17388–96.## [30] Emmanuel BO, Barendse P, Chamier J. Effect of Anode and Cathode Reletive Humidity Variance and Pressure Gradient on Single Cell PEMFC Performance. 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2018.## [31] Moçotéguy Ph, Druart F, Bultel Y, Besse S, Rakotondrainibe A. Monodimensional Modeling and Experimental Study of the Dynamic Behavior of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Operating in Dead-End Mode. Journal of Power Sources. 2007;167(2):349–57.## [32] Asghari S, Mokmeli A, Samavati M. Study of PEM Fuel Cell Performance by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35(17):9283–90.## [33] Yan X, Hou M, Sun L, Liang D, Shen Q, Xu H, et al. AC Impedance Characteristics of a 2kW PEM Fuel Cell Stack under Different Operating Conditions and Load Changes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2007;32(17):4358–64.## [34] Cruz-Manzo S, Chen R. Electrochemical Impedance Study on Estimating the Mass Transport Resistance in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cathode Catalyst Layer. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2013;702:45–8.## [35] Peng Y, Mahyari HM, Moshfegh A, Javadzadegan A, Toghraie D, Shams M, et al. A Transient Heat and Mass Transfer CFD Simulation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) with a Dead-Ended Anode Channel. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2020;115:104638.## [36] Pasaogullari U, Wang CY. Liquid Water Transport in Gas Diffusion Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2004;151(3):A399.## | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 73 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 105 |
||