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مطلوب, مصطفی, بیگدلی, عطاءالّله. (1403). بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022. پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری, 3(12), 101-142.
مصطفی مطلوب; عطاءالّله بیگدلی. "بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022". پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری, 3, 12, 1403, 101-142.
مطلوب, مصطفی, بیگدلی, عطاءالّله. (1403). 'بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022', پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری, 3(12), pp. 101-142.
مطلوب, مصطفی, بیگدلی, عطاءالّله. بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022. پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری, 1403; 3(12): 101-142.

بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022

مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
دوره 3، شماره 12، مهر 1403، صفحه 101-142    اصل مقاله (1.61 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
مصطفی مطلوب1؛ عطاءالّله بیگدلی* 2
1کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات منطقه ای- گرایش آمریکای شمالی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران
2استادیار حقوق، دانشکده فرهنگی اجتماعی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت: 20 خرداد 1403،  تاریخ بازنگری: 10 شهریور 1403،  تاریخ پذیرش: 11 شهریور 1403 
چکیده
سیستم قضائی آمریکا به لحاظ لزوم تحولّات و اصلاحات، سال‌ها در معرض توجه بوده است که بر حسب شاخص‌ها معیارهای مدنظردر این زمینه مانند نرخ زندانیان، حقوق بشر زندانیان، عملکرد پلیس، بزهکاری نوجوانان، محکومین اشتباهی، استقلال دیوان عالی و تورّم قوانین کیفری) ارزیابی ‌می‌شود.جامعه‌نخبگانی ایران نیز برای تحلیل بهتر وضعیت تمدنّی و داشتن تصویر کلان واقعی نسبت به نظام مسائل اجتماعی- سیاسی آمریکا، ضرورتاً باید شناخت و احاطه وافری در این خصوص داشته باشد؛ لذا در پژوهش پیش رو بر حسب شاخص‌های مطروح در محافل و اندیشکده­های تخصصی آمریکایی با روش مطالعه اسنادی و گردآوری داده­های کتابخانه­ای سعی می­شود شاخص‌های مذکور در یک بازه زمانی مشخص توصیف و تحلیل شود. پرسش اصلی پژوهش نیز این است که وضعیت بخشی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های قضایی آمریکا از سال 2008 تا 2022م چگونه بوده است؟ در این پژوهش مشخص شد نرخ زندانیان به صورت کلی روندی کاهشی داشته، حقوق بشر زندانیان همچنان به لحاظ رسیدگی و رفع نظام نیاز‌های زندانیان دچار نقص‌ها و معایبی می‌باشد.عملکرد پلیس در کاهش نرخ جرم و جنایت موفق ارزیابی شده و میزان دستگیری‌ها کمتر شده است درحالی که اعتماد عمومی به این نهاد کاهش یافته و میزان خشونت رفتاری و کشتار توسط پلیس نیز تصاعدی بوده است. میزان بزهکاری نوجوانان کاهش یافته، تعداد محکومیت‌های اشتباهی بیشتر از حد اتفاق افتاده، عملکرد سیاسی دیوان عالی نیز بیشتر نمود یافته و در نهایت جرم زدایی‌ها در بسیاری از ایالت‌ها جریان پیدا کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
سیستم قضائی آمریکا؛ نرخ زندانیان؛ دیوان عالی؛ محکومین اشتباهی؛ تورّم قوانین کیفری
عنوان مقاله [English]
Examining some developments in the American criminal justice system from the point of view of American specialized think tanks (2008 to 2023)
نویسندگان [English]
Mostafa Matloob1؛ Atta Allah Bigdeli2
1American Studies, Shahid Sadr Research Institute, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
2Law, Faculty of Social Culture, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The American judicial system has been subject to attention for years in terms of changes and reforms, which are evaluated according to the indicators and considerations of this field such as prisoners, human rights of prisoners, police performance, juvenile delinquency, wrongful convictions, independence of the Supreme Court and inflation of criminal laws). In order to better analyze the civilizational situation and have a big picture compared to the American socio-political system, Iran must have a lot of knowledge and understanding in this regard.In the upcoming research, according to the indicators proposed in the American analytical circles and think tanks, with the method of library and document collection, it is tried to describe and analyze the mentioned indicators in a period of time. The question was also based on the proposition that what was the state of some of the most important judicial indicators in the United States from 2008 to 2022? In this research, it was found that the rate of prisoners in general has decreased, the human rights of prisoners are still in terms of handling and fixing the system. The needs of prisoners have defects and disadvantages.The performance of the police has been evaluated as successful in reducing the crime rate and the number of arrests has decreased, while public trust in this institution has decreased and the level of behavioral violence and killings by the police has also been exponential. The rate of juvenile delinquency has decreased, the number of wrongful convictions has increased, the political performance of the Supreme Court has also increased, and finally decriminalization has started in many states.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
American judicial system, prison rate, Supreme Court, wrongful convictions, inflation of criminal laws
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