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مقایسه دیپلماسی سلامت آمریکا برای مقابله با کووید-19 در دوران ترامپ و بایدن | ||
مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
دوره 3، شماره 12، مهر 1403، صفحه 39-71 اصل مقاله (864.98 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
علی باقری دولت ابادی* 1؛ رضا یزدان پناه2 | ||
1استاد گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران | ||
2دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 12 تیر 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 09 مهر 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 14 مهر 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
دیپلماسی سلامت بیش از یک قرن است که در دستور کار سیاست خارجی دولتها قرار گرفته است. دیپلماسی سلامت به کشورها کمک مینماید تا با ایجاد قدرت نرم، فرصتهای بیشتری برای تحقق منافع ملی خلق نمایند. آمریکا ازجمله کشورهایی است که در حوزه دیپلماسی سلامت همواره فعال بوده و در مجامع بینالمللی همچون سازمان بهداشت جهانی حضوری پررنگ و اثرگذار داشته است. هدف مقاله حاضر مقایسه دیپلماسی سلامت آمریکا در دوران ترامپ و بایدن برای تحلیل بهتر و دقیقتر سیاست خارجی آمریکا است. پرسش اصلی مقاله این است که مهمترین وجوه تفاوت و تشابه دیپلماسی سلامت آمریکا در دوران ترامپ و بایدن چیست؟ برای پاسخ به سؤال فوق از روش مقایسهای استفاده شده و دادهها با بهره گیری از روش کتابخانهای جمعآوری شده است. یافتههای پژوهش نشان دادند دیپلماسی سلامت جو بایدن در چهار حوزه با دیپلماسی سلامت ترامپ متفاوت بوده است: راهبرد آمریکا در مقابله با بیماریها، مشارکت در درمان بیماریها (اعطای واکسن و...)، چندجانبهگرایی به جای یکجانبهگرایی، و نحوه عملکرد آمریکا در حوزه بهبود زیرساخت امنیت بهداشت جهانی در بلندمدت. در کل میتوان گفت کنار گذاشتن یکجانبهگرایی در پیش گرفته شده از سوی ترامپ در عرصه جهانی و تعامل با متحدین و نهادهای بینالمللی مهمترین وجه بارز تفاوت دیپلماسی سلامت بایدن با ترامپ بوده است. باوجود تفاوتهای فوق هر دو رئیس جمهور در سیاستهای زیر دارای تشابه بودند: اولویت سلامت شهروندان آمریکایی بر دیگر کشورها، اعمال محدودیتهای مالی و پزشکی بر دولتهای مخالف و منتقد آمریکا، کاهش هزینه داروهای تجویزی، اجرای قوانین ضد انحصار و تداوم برنامه ملی بیمه اجتماعی. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
دیپلماسی سلامت؛ کووید-۱۹؛ سیاست خارجی آمریکا؛ سازمان بهداشت جهانی | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Comparison of U.S. Health Diplomacy in Containing Covid-19 during Trump and Biden Presidencies | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
َAli Bagheri Dolatabadi1؛ Reza Yazdanpanah2 | ||
1Department of Political Science,, Yasouj University, Iran | ||
2M.A Student, Yasouj University, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Health diplomacy has been part of states' foreign policy for over a century. It enables countries to enhance their national interests by leveraging soft power. The U.S. has consistently been active in health diplomacy, playing a significant role in international organizations like the World Health Organization. This paper aims to compare American health diplomacy during the presidencies of Trump and Biden to provide a clearer and more accurate analysis of U.S. foreign policy. The article poses the question: what is the most significant difference and similarities between U.S. health diplomacy under Trump and Biden? To address this question, a comparative method was employed, and data was gathered through library research. The research findings indicate that Joe Biden's health diplomacy diverged from Trump's in foure key areas: America's strategy for combating diseases, Participation in disease treatment initiatives (such as vaccine donations), A multilateral approach versus a unilateral approach, Responses to global health crises and improvements in long-term global health security infrastructure. In General, the shift from Trump's unilateralism in the global arena to Biden's engagement with allies and international institutions represents the most notable difference in their health diplomacy. Despite the above differences, both presidents had similarities in the following policies: prioritizing the health of American citizens over other countries, imposing financial and medical restrictions on governments that oppose and criticize the United States, reducing the cost of prescription drugs, Antitrust Enforcement and some Medicare policies. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
health diplomacy, Covid-19, U.S foreign policy, World Health Organization | ||
مراجع | ||
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