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سیاست خارجی دولت اول ترامپ؛ رویگردانی جمهوری‌خواهان از بین‌الملل‌گرایی | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 4، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 16، اسفند 1403، صفحه 35-68 اصل مقاله (784.97 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.27834743/ASS.2502.1275.2 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسین رجائی* | ||
| دکتری تخصصی روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 17 بهمن 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 01 اسفند 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 06 اسفند 1403 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ظهور دونالد ترامپ در آمریکا و مواضع سیاست خارجی وی، گویای شدیدترین رویگردانی از بین‌الملل‌گرایی در سیاست خارجی دولت‌های جمهوری‌خواه از زمان پایان جنگ جهانی دوم می‌باشد که بویژه با رویکردهای بشدت بین‌الملل‌گرایانه و مداخله‌گرایانه سه دولت جمهوری‌خواه پیش از آن در تعارض است. چنین تغییر قابل ملاحظه‌ای این سؤال را ایجاد می‌کند که چرا دولت ترامپ جهتی متفاوت از سیاست خارجی اسلاف خود را انتخاب نمود؟ در جهت پاسخ به این پرسش، پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از واقع‌گرایی نوکلاسیک به عنوان چارچوب نظری و روش تاریخی به عنوان روش پژوهش، سه دوره تاریخی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا که در آن تمایل به بین‌الملل‌گرایی در بین جمهوری‌خواهان کاهش یافته را مورد بررسی قرار داده است تا با واکاوی پویایی‌هایی درون حزب جمهوری‌خواه در هر سه دوره، عوامل تأثیرگذار بر تغییر در سیاست خارجی جمهوری‌خواهان را استخراج نماید. نتایج حاصله بیانگر وجود یک رابطه مستقیم بین کاهش میزان تهدید علیه امنیت و منافع ایالات متحده و کاهش تمایل به بین‌الملل‌گرایی در سیاست خارجی جمهوری‌خواهان است. در هر سه دوره، پس از افول یک تهدید عمده علیه آمریکا، رویگردانی از بین‌الملل‌گرایی در ترجیحات سیاست خارجی جمهوری‌خواهان افزایش یافته و به تبع آن سیاست خارجی دولت‌های جمهوری‌خواه را متأثر ساخته است. در همین راستا، غلبه یافتن گفتمان سیاست خارجی ترامپ ناشی از کاهش میزان تهدید گروه‌های تروریستی و در نتیجه عدم تحمل هزینه‌های بالای راهبرد جنگ علیه تروریسم توسط جمهوری‌خواهان است. از این منظر، گفتمان سیاست خارجی ترامپ در نقطه تعادل دو گرایش امنیت‌خواهی و هزینه‌گریزی در ترجیحات سیاست جمهوری‌خواهان قرار گرفته است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سیاست خارجی؛ دونالد ترامپ؛ بین‌الملل‌گرایی؛ دولت‌های جمهوری‌خواه؛ ایالات متحده | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Foreign Policy of Trump's First Administration: The Republican Turnaway from Internationalism | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Rajaie | ||
| Faculty of Law & Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The rise of Donald Trump in the United States and his foreign policy positions represent the most significant departure from internationalism in Republican administrations' foreign policy since the end of World War II. This shift stands in stark contrast to the highly internationalist and interventionist approaches of the three preceding Republican administrations. Such a notable change raises the question: Why did the Trump administration choose a foreign policy path different from its predecessors? To address this question, the present study employs neoclassical realism as its theoretical framework and utilizes a historical research method. It examines three historical periods in U.S. foreign policy in which Republican inclinations toward internationalism declined. By analyzing intra-party dynamics in these three periods, the study aims to identify the key factors influencing shifts in Republican foreign policy. The findings indicate a direct relationship between the reduction of threats to U.S. security and interests and the decline of internationalism in Republican foreign policy. In all three periods, following the decline of a major threat to the U.S., there was a growing shift away from internationalism in Republican foreign policy preferences, which subsequently influenced the foreign policies of Republican administrations. In this context, Trump's foreign policy discourse emerged due to the diminished threat from terrorist groups and the Republican Party's reluctance to bear the high costs of the War on Terror. From this perspective, Trump's foreign policy discourse represents a balance between security concerns and cost aversion within Republican policy preferences. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Foreign policy, Donald Trump, internationalism, Republican administrations, United States | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 87 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 46 |
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