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بررسی مقایسه‌ای راهبرد سیاسی- امنیتی دولت اول ترامپ و بایدن در مناقشه اوکراین | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 5، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 17، تیر 1404، صفحه 187-215 اصل مقاله (1.41 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.27834743/ASS.2501.1272.17.6 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرضیه بابایی* 1؛ روح الله خلیلی نژاد کشکویی پور2 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز تهران غرب، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیارگروه روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز تهران غرب، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 11 بهمن 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 06 خرداد 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 19 خرداد 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| حمله روسیه به اوکراین در فوریه 2022 تحولات ژئوپلیتیکی عمیقی را در روابط بین‌الملل ایجاد کرد. این رویداد، بحث دیرینه درباره نقش جهانی آمریکا را مجدداً مطرح ساخت و سؤالاتی را درباره استراتژی ایالات‌متحده در قبال روسیه، در پرتو مناقشه اوکراین (2023-2014) را برانگیخت. لذا در این پژوهش به این سؤال پاسخ داده می‌شود که راهبردهای سیاسی-امنیتی دولت‌های اول ترامپ و بایدن در قبال مناقشه اوکراین چگونه بوده و دارای چه شباهت‌ها و تمایزاتی است و چه تشابهات و تمایزاتی در استراتژی‌های ترامپ و بایدن قابل‌مشاهده است؟ مبتنی بر رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با بهره‌‌گیری از مطالعه اسنادی و مقایسه استراتژی‌های دولت اول ترامپ و بایدن چنین فرض شد که سیاست‌های بایدن در ادامه رویکردهای ترامپ با اتخاذ رویکرد سخت‌گیرانه‌تر و مقابله با هژمونی روسیه بر مناطق پیرامونی خود و در چارچوب «امنیت و بقا» بوده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش که مبتنی بر نظریه رئالیسم تهاجمی است، نشان داد که این دو رئیس‌جمهور از زمینه‌های نظری متفاوتی استفاده کردند. ترامپ و آرمان‌های پوپولیستی او تلاش کردند تا از روابط معمول نخبگان ایالات‌متحده با مسکو دور شوند، چراکه او تلاش کرد تا روابط آمریکا و روسیه را از تقابل دور کند. در واقع، رویکرد ترامپ مبتنی بر همکاری در جهت حفظ صلح و امن کردن جهان و رفاه اقتصادی بود و از این نظر رویکرد موازنه‌گری نرم را اتخاذ نمود. با این‌حال، بین‌الملل‌گرایی لیبرال بایدن او را ملزم به استراتژی‌های سخت‌گیرانه علیه روسیه کرد. از این نظر، بایدن علیه پوتین اقداماتی انجام داد تا از او بخواهد صلحی را که لیبرال دموکرات‌ها از جنگ جهانی دوم برای ایجاد آن تلاش کرده‌اند، بازگرداند. درنتیجه، استراتژی بایدن به سمت اقدامات تحریمی شدیدتر، اخراج روسیه از گروه 7، و افزایش حمایت‌های نظامی و اقتصادی از اوکراین تغییر جهت داد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مناقشه اوکراین؛ روسیه؛ آمریکا؛ ترامپ؛ بایدن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Comparative Study of the Political-Security Strategies of the First Trump and Biden Administrations in the Ukraine Conflict | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Marzieh Babaei1؛ Ruhollah Khalilinejad Keshkouipour,2 | ||
| 1Master of International Relations, Payam Noor University, West Tehran Center, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Payam Noor University, West Tehran Center, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought about profound geopolitical changes in international relations. This event reignited the longstanding debate over America's global role and raised questions regarding the U.S. strategy toward Russia in the context of the Ukraine conflict (2014–2023). Accordingly, this study seeks to answer the question: What were the political-security strategies of the first Trump and Biden administrations regarding the Ukraine conflict, and what similarities and differences can be observed between their approaches? Using a descriptive-analytical approach and document-based comparison of the two administrations’ strategies, the study assumes that Biden’s policies continued the trajectory of Trump’s with a stricter approach aimed at countering Russian hegemony over its periphery, within the framework of “security and survival.” The findings, based on the theory of offensive realism, reveal that the two presidents employed different theoretical foundations. Trump and his populist ideals attempted to distance U.S. foreign policy from the traditional elite-driven stance toward Moscow, seeking instead to reduce confrontation and foster cooperation with Russia, thereby adopting a soft-balancing approach aimed at global peace and economic prosperity. However, Biden’s liberal internationalism compelled him to take a more hardline stance against Russia. Consequently, Biden acted against Putin to uphold the peace that liberal democrats have strived to establish since World War II. As a result, Biden’s strategy shifted toward intensified sanctions, Russia’s expulsion from the G7, and increased military and economic support for Ukraine. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Ukraine conflict, Russia, United States, Trump, Biden | ||
| مراجع | ||
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