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اولویت بندی الزامات پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی معماری مراکز آموزشی | ||
پدافند غیرعامل | ||
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 62، تیر 1404، صفحه 31-42 اصل مقاله (971.01 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
امید افسر* 1؛ محسن کاملی2؛ بهرام صالح صدق پور3 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران | ||
2استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران | ||
3دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران. | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 22 مرداد 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 23 مهر 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 15 آبان 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
با توجه به موقعیت ایران در منطقه، کشورمان از گذشته درگیر جنگ و بحرانهای متعدد بوده که این عوامل داراییها را تهدید میکند. مراکز آموزشی مانند سایر فضاهای عمومی شهر به دو دلیل استفاده از فضا و ساختمانهای آن در شرایط بحران جهت اسکان اضطراری و مهمتر از آن حفظ امنیت دارایی انسانی حاضر در آن از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف از این پژوهش اولویتبندی الزامات پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی مراکز آموزشی بوده تا بهترین الزامات و با کمترین هزینه برای این مراکز شناسایی و معرفی گردد. این پژوهش به روش توصیفی- پیمایشی و با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی انجام شد؛ در ابتدا الزامات از منابع کتابخانهای استخراج و سپس در قالب پرسشنامه در اختیار نه نفر از متخصصان و نخبگان پدافند غیرعامل قرار گرفت و نتایج با استفاده از تحلیل عامل اکتشافی از نوع کیو به دست آمد. بر اساس نظرات کارشناسان 24 الزام پدافندی جهت حفظ و بقای مراکز آموزشی ارائه گردید که از این میان سه عامل تخلیه اضطراری جمعیت با میانگین 960/2 ایجاد فضای امن با میانگین 178/2 و مدیریت عملکرد با میانگین 042/1 شناسایی و ازاینبین هشت الزام شامل: ایجاد خروجی اضطراری و راههای خروجی متناسب با تعداد افراد، محصور نمودن فضاها (محوطه)، حفظ ایمنی ورودی ساختمانها هنگام ریزش آوار، احداث فضای امن زیرزمینی جهت انبار و مخازن سوخت، گسترش افقی پهنه ساختمانی در مقایسه با گسترش عمودی، جداسازی و تفکیک فضاهای امن و ناایمن، ایجاد فاصله مناسب بین بلوکهای ساختمانی، ایجاد خروجیهای انحرافی بهمنظور تخلیه نیروهای انفجاری در مسیرها و پناهگاههای زیرزمینی، ازنظر متخصصان بهعنوان مهمترین الزامات پدافند غیرعامل در طراحی مراکز آموزشی مطرح گردید. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
مراکز آموزشی؛ پدافند غیرعامل؛ معماری | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Prioritization of Passive Defense Requirements in the Architectural Design of Educational Centers | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Omid Afsar1؛ Mohsen Kameli2؛ Bahram Saleh Sedghpour3 | ||
1Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran | ||
2Department of Architecture, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran. | ||
3Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Considering Iran's position in the region, our country has been involved in many wars and crises in the past, which threaten its assets. Educational centers, like other public spaces in the city, are important for two reasons: using the space and its buildings in crisis conditions for emergency accommodation and maintaining the security of the human property present. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the requirements of passive defense in the design of educational centers to identify and introduce the best requirements at the lowest cost for these centers. This research was carried out by a descriptive survey method and using the Delphi technique. Initially, the requirements were extracted from library sources, and then, in the form of a questionnaire, they were given to nine experts and elites of passive defense. The results were obtained using Q-type exploratory factor analysis. Based on the opinions of experts, 24 defense requirements were presented for the preservation and survival of educational centers. Among these, three factors were identified: emergency population evacuation with an average of 2/960, creation of a safe space with an average of 2/178, and performance management with an average of 1/042. Eight key requirements were considered as the most important requirements of passive defense in the design of educational centers according to experts: emergency exit and exit ways according to the number of people, enclosing spaces (enclosure), maintaining the safety of entrances to buildings when debris falls, building a safe underground space for storage and fuel tanks, horizontal expansion of the building area compared to vertical expansion, separation and segregation of safe spaces and unsafe spaces, creating a proper distance between building blocks, and creating deviant exits to discharge explosive forces in underground routes and shelters. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Educational Centers, Passive Defense, Architecture | ||
مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 409 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 48 |