اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 38 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 1,408 |
| تعداد مقالات | 10,088 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 11,911,235 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,961,951 |
نقش جنبش تیپارتی در شکلدهی به گفتمان و رفتار خارجی ایالات متحده در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران (2025-2009) | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 5، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 19، دی 1404، صفحه 160-188 اصل مقاله (779.84 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.47176/asr.1333 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| علی نعمت پور* | ||
| استادیار، گروه مطالعات ایران و جهان، دانشکده مطالعات جهان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 تیر 1404، تاریخ بازنگری: 25 آذر 1404، تاریخ پذیرش: 01 دی 1404 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در دهههای اخیر، سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده به طور فزایندهای تحت تأثیر بازیگران غیردولتی و نیروهای سیاسی نوظهور قرار گرفته است. این مقاله به بررسی نقش جنبش تیپارتی در شکلدهی به گفتمان و رفتار خارجی آمریکا بر علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران میپردازد. این جنبش، به عنوان تجلی بنیادگرایی سیاسی راستگرا در آمریکا، از طریق شبکهای از سیاستمداران، نهادهای رسانهای، اتاقهای فکر و حامیان مالی توانست گفتمان حزب جمهوریخواه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. یکی از پیامدهای اصلی این تأثیرگذاری، تشدید بیاعتمادی به دیپلماسی چندجانبه و توافقنامههای هستهای بود که در مخالفت شدید تیپارتی با برجام و حمایت فعال آن از راهبرد فشار حداکثری دولت ترامپ علیه ایران نمود یافت. این مطالعه، با بهرهگیری از نظریه رئالیسم نئوکلاسیک و گفتمان امنیتی، نشان میدهد که تیپارتی نه تنها به تشدید خصومت آمریکا با ایران کمک کرد، بلکه با تأثیرگذاری بر انتخاب سیاستمداران و نهادهای تصمیمگیر، در جهتدهی به فرآیندهای سیاستگذاری خارجی نقش محوری ایفا نمود. این تحقیق از روش کیفی فرآیند ردیابی بهره میبرد. یافتهها حاکی از آن است که بنیادگرایی سیاسی داخلی میتواند به تقویت سیاست خارجی تهاجمی، کاهش ظرفیت دیپلماسی و تغییر اولویتهای ژئوپلیتیکی منجر شود. این مطالعه موردی بر ضرورت شناخت بازیگران داخلی نوظهور و فهم گفتمانهای شکلدهنده به افکار عمومی و ساختار حزبی برای تحلیل جامع رفتار خارجی دولتها تأکید میکند. هدف این مقاله، ارائه فهمی عمیقتر از پیوندهای پیچیده بین سیاست داخلی و خارجی در نظام سیاسی ایالات متحده است؛ پیوندهایی که در مورد ایران، هم بر تاکتیکها و هم بر چارچوبهای مفهومی نگرش آمریکا تأثیرگذار بودهاند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده؛ جنبش تیپارتی؛ بنیادگرایی سیاسی؛ امنیتیسازی ایران؛ دیپلماسی بحران | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Role of the Tea Party Movement in Shaping the Discourse and Foreign Policy Behavior of the United States toward the Islamic Republic of Iran (2009–2025) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Nematpour | ||
| Assistant Professor, Department of Iran and World Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In recent decades, United States foreign policy has increasingly been influenced by non-state actors and emerging political forces. This article examines the role of the Tea Party movement in shaping U.S. foreign policy discourse and behavior toward the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a manifestation of right-wing political fundamentalism in the United States, the Tea Party was able—through a network of politicians, media institutions, think tanks, and financial backers—to exert significant influence over Republican Party discourse. One of the principal consequences of this influence was the intensification of skepticism toward multilateral diplomacy and nuclear agreements, which was reflected in the Tea Party’s strong opposition to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its active support for the Trump administration’s “maximum pressure” strategy against Iran. Drawing on neoclassical realism and security discourse analysis, this study demonstrates that the Tea Party not only contributed to the escalation of U.S. hostility toward Iran, but also played a central role in shaping foreign policymaking processes by influencing the selection of policymakers and decision-making institutions. This research employs the qualitative method of process tracing. The findings indicate that domestic political fundamentalism can lead to the reinforcement of aggressive foreign policy orientations, the erosion of diplomatic capacity, and shifts in geopolitical priorities. This case study underscores the necessity of identifying emerging domestic actors and understanding the discourses that shape public opinion and party structures in order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of states’ external behavior. The objective of this article is to provide a deeper understanding of the complex linkages between domestic and foreign policy within the U.S. political system—linkages that, in the case of Iran, have affected both tactical approaches and the broader conceptual frameworks underlying U.S. perceptions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| United States Foreign Policy, Tea Party Movement, Political Fundamentalism, Securitization of Iran, Crisis Diplomacy | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdelaal, A.H. (2023). The rise of right-wing populism and foreign aid in electoral democracies. American University in Cairo. Adelman, E., et al. (2023). The religious right and U.S. foreign policy. Journal of Church and State. Bachmann, M. (2012). Letter to the inspector general of the U.S. Department of State. Balzacq, T. (2011). Securitization theory: How security problems emerge and dissolve. Routledge. Beach, D., & Pedersen, R.B. (2013). Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines. University of Michigan Press. Beck, G. (2011). The Glenn Beck show [Television broadcast]. Fox News Channel. Bennett, A., & Checkel, J.T. (2015). Process tracing: From metaphor to analytic tool. Cambridge University Press. Biegon, R. (2019). A populist grand strategy? Trump and the framing of American decline. International Relations, 33(4), 517–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117819851268 Blackburn, M. (2015). Iran Terror Finance Transparency Act support statement. Congressional Record. Braunstein, R. (2021). The “right” history: Religion, race, and nostalgic stories of Christian America. Religions, 12(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020095 Braunstein, R., & Taylor, M. (2017). Is the Tea Party a “religious” movement? Religiosity in the Tea Party versus the religious right. Sociology of Religion, 78(1), 33–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srw053 Bresnahan, J. (2011). Bachmann: Iran would use nuke against United States, Israel. Politico. Brookings Institution. (2016). What the Tea Party tells us about the Trump presidency. Brookings Institution. Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Cha, T. (2016). The return of Jacksonianism: The international implications of the Trump phenomenon. The Washington Quarterly, 39(4), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2016.1261562 Chaffetz, J. (2016). Iran deal oversight hearings. U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. Cotton, T., et al. (2015). An open letter to the leaders of Iran. Congressional Record. Cruz, T. (2015). Opposition to the Iran nuclear deal [Press release]. U.S. Senate. Cutter, G.T. (2019). The pro-Israel lobby’s influence on U.S. foreign policy (Doctoral dissertation). University of Oregon. DeSantis, R. (2015). Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act support statement. Congressional Record. DIE WELT. (2011). Michele Bachmann will U.S.-Botschaft im Iran schließen. https://www.welt.de Dueck, C. (2015). The Obama doctrine: American grand strategy today. Oxford University Press. Duncan, J. (2017). Policy proposals regarding Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. Foreign Affairs Committee Reports. Formisano, R.P. (2012). The Tea Party: A brief history. Johns Hopkins University Press. Freeman, C.W. (2006). America’s continuing misadventures in the Middle East. Just World Books. Foreign Policy. (2010). Congressional support for Israel’s right to strike Iran. Fox News. (2010). Interview with Sarah Palin on Iran and Sharia. Fox News. (2025). Trump: Iran must dismantle entire nuclear program or face military response. George, A.L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press. Ghasemi, S. (2016). The construction of Iran as an enemy in U.S. foreign policy. Palgrave Macmillan. Gohmert, L. (2015). Speeches on Iran threat. U.S. House of Representatives. Gorski, P.S., & Perry, S.L. (2022). The flag and the cross: White Christian nationalism and the threat to American democracy. Oxford University Press. Green, D. (2014). The Tea Party movement and U.S. foreign policy: A new isolationism? Lexington Books. Hannity, S. (2015). Hannity [Television broadcast]. Fox News. Hathaway, O.A., & Eichensehr, K.E. (2023). Major questions about international agreements. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Hopf, T. (1998). The promise of constructivism in international relations theory. International Security, 23(1), 171–200. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.23.1.171 Humire, J.M. (2024). The foreign policy foundations of Trumpism. Norteamérica Journal. Jordan, J. (2018). Public statements on Iran sanctions. Republican Study Committee. Jones, C., & Parsons, C. (2016). American conservative populism and foreign policy after Obama. International Journal, 71(4), 531–549. Judis, J.B. (2010). Tea minus zero. New Republic, 241(8), 19–21. Katzman, K. (2015–2020). Iran sanctions. Congressional Research Service. Koch, M. (2020). The role of interest groups in U.S. sanctions policy towards Iran (2007–2016) (Doctoral dissertation). Freie Universität Berlin. Koch, M. (2023). The power of coalitions: Lobbying success in U.S. sanctions policy toward Iran. Interest Groups & Advocacy, 12(1), 22–40. Kurtbağ, Ö. (2011). U.S. foreign policy in the age of global uncertainty. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 3(2), 387–398. Lacatus, C. (2021). Populism and President Trump’s approach to foreign policy. Politics, 41(3), 292–308.https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720965515 Maloney, S. (2015). Iran and the United States: An insider’s view on the failed past and the road to peace. Brookings Institution Press. McClatchy DC. (2015). Trump, Cruz, fire up anti-Iran deal rally as GOP lawmakers quarrel. https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article34603554.html Mead, W.R. (2011). The Tea Party and American foreign policy. Foreign Affairs, 90(2), 28–44. Meadows, M. (2015). Negotiations over Iran Nuclear Review Act. Congressional Caucus Releases. Mesbahi, M. (2013). Trust and U.S.–Iran relations: Between the prisoners’ dilemma and the assurance game. Mousavi, H., & Adeli, M. (2024). The Tea Party’s influence on the evolution of conservative Republicanism in the United States. Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. Nematpour, A., & Reisinezhad, A. (2023). America in transformation. International Relations Researches, 13(3), 131–157. NPR. (2015). Ted Cruz and Donald Trump rally against Iran deal. https://www.npr.org Onuf, N. (1989). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international relations. University of South Carolina Press. Parker, C.S., & Barreto, M.A. (2013). Change they can’t believe in. Princeton University Press. PBS. (2025). Live updates: Donald Trump’s 2025 inauguration day. Palin, S. (2010). Interview on Fox News. Parsi, T. (2017). Losing an enemy. Yale University Press. Pompeo, M.R. (2018, October 15). Confronting Iran. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2018-10-15/michael-pompeo-secretary-of-state-on-confronting-iran Reuters. (2022). U.S. Republican senators say they will not back new Iran nuclear deal. Ripsman, N.M., Taliaferro, J.W., & Lobell, S.E. (2016). Neoclassical realist theory of international politics. Oxford University Press. Rose, G. (1998). Neoclassical realism and theories of foreign policy. World Politics, 51(1), 144–172.https://doi.org/10.2307/25054095 Schweller, R.L. (2006). Unanswered threats. Princeton University Press. Skocpol, T., & Williamson, V. (2016). The Tea Party and the remaking of Republican conservatism. Oxford University Press. Takeyh, R. (2018). The receding hills. Council on Foreign Relations. Wæver, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization. In R. D. Lipschutz (Ed.), On security. Columbia University Press. Waltz, K.N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Addison-Wesley. Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it. International Organization, 46(2), 391–425. Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 313 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 193 |
||