تعداد نشریات | 38 |
تعداد شمارهها | 1,258 |
تعداد مقالات | 9,115 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 8,325,688 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,040,743 |
بررسی اثر نانورس بر بهبود ویژگیهای کاغذ حاصل از خمیر سودای باگاس در برابر آتش | ||
علوم و فنون بستهبندی | ||
دوره 15، شماره 59، آذر 1403، صفحه 21-31 اصل مقاله (1.21 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سلیمان ظاهری* 1؛ علی قاسمیان2؛ محمدرضا دهقانی فیروز آبادی3؛ قاسم اسدپور4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری صنایع خمیر و کاغذ ، گروه علوم و مهندسی کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
2استاد گروه علوم ومهندسی کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعیگرگان، گرگان، ایران | ||
3دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
4دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی کاغذ، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 22 مرداد 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 03 شهریور 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مهر 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
مواد بازدارنده آتش نقش مهمی در افزایش پایداری حرارتی و کاهش خطرات مرتبط با اشتعال مواد دارند. یکی از روشهای مؤثر برای افزایش خواص بازدارندگی آتش، استفاده از نانومواد مانند نانورسها است. نانورس مونت موریلونیت (MMT) به دلیل ساختار لایهای و خواص منحصر به فردش، بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین نانومواد در این حوزه شناخته میشود. علاوه بر این، نشاسته کاتیونی بهعنوان یک ماده طبیعی با خواص چسبندگی و همافزایی بالا، میتواند بهبود خواص مکانیکی و حرارتی مواد را تضمین کند. دراین تحقیق، با استفاده از خمیرکاغذ حاصل از سودای باگاس، مقوای دستساز با وزن پایه 120 گرم بر مترمربع و ضخامت 185/0 میلیمتر تهیه شد. نانورس بهعنوان ماده بازدارنده آتش با غلظتهای مختلف (10%، 20%، 30%) استفاده شد. برای بهبود مقاومت خشک کاغذ و تشکیل زغال، نشاسته کاتیونی به میزان ثابت 10% بهتمامی تیمارها اضافه شد. عملیات پوششدهی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان با دستگاه Auto Bar Coater انجام گرفت. ویژگیهای فیزیکی و مقاومتی کاغذ از جمله مقاومت به نفوذ مایعات، ضخامت کاغذ، زاویه تماس، مقاومت به کشش، مقاومت به ترکیدن و مقاومت به پاره شدن بررسی شد. همچنین ویژگیهای کندسوزی و پایداری حرارتی با استفاده از دستگاه TGA و آزمونهای اشتعالپذیری عمودی و FTIR بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که پوششدهی با نانورس مونت موریلونیت و نشاسته کاتیونی میتواند بهطور قابلتوجهی مقاومت به کشش، مقاومت به پاره شدن و مقاومت به ترکیدن کاغذ را افزایش دهد. بهترین عملکرد در غلظت 20% مشاهده شد. مکانیزمهای مختلفی از جمله تشکیل پیوندهای هیدروژنی و افزایش سطح ویژه به این بهبود کمک کردند. علاوه بر این، پوششدهی موجب بهبود ویژگیهای کندسوزی و پایداری حرارتی کاغذ شد. ایننتایج نشان میدهد که استفاده از نانورس و نشاسته کاتیونی میتواند بهطور مؤثری ویژگیهای مقاومتی و حرارتی کاغذ را بهبود ببخشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پوشش دهی؛ کند سوزی؛ کاغذ باگاس؛ بسته بندی؛ نانورس مونت موریلونیت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
Investigation on the Effect of Nano-clay on Improving Fire Retardancy Properties of Paper Made from Bgasse Soda Pulp | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
Soleiman Zaheri1؛ ALI Ghasemian2؛ Mohammadreza Dehghani Firouzabadi3؛ Ghasem Asadpur4 | ||
1Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Paper Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
2Professor, Dept. of Paper Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
3Associate Prof., Dept. of Paper Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran | ||
4Associate Prof., Dept. of , Paper Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Wood and Paper Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Sari, Iran | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
Fire retardant materials play an important role in increasing thermal stability and reducing risks associated with material ignition. One of the effective methods to increase fire retardancy properties is the use of nanomaterials such as nanoclays. Montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) is known as one of the most important nanomaterials in this field due to its layered structure and unique properties. In addition, cationic starch, as a natural material with high adhesion and synergistic properties, can guarantee the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of materials. In this research, using soda bagasse paper pulp, handmade cardboard with a basis weight of 125 g/m2 and the thickness of 0.185 mm was prepared. Nanoclay was used as a fire retardant with different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%). To improve paper dry resistance and char formation, cationic starch was added to all treatments at a constant rate of 10%. The coating operation was carried out at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources with Auto Bar Coater. The physical and resistance characteristics of paper, including liquid penetration resistance, paper thickness, contact angle, tensile strength, burst resistance, and tear resistance were investigated. Also, the properties of slow burning and thermal stability were investigated using TGA device and vertical flammability tests and FTIR. The results showed that coating with montmorillonite nanoclay and cationic starch can significantly increase the tensile strength, tearing resistance and bursting resistance of the paper. The best performance was observed at 20% concentration. Various mechanisms including the formation of hydrogen bonds and the increase of specific surface area contributed to this improvement. In addition, the coating improved the flame retardancy properties and thermal stability of the paper. These results show that the use of nanoclay and cationic starch can effectively improve the resistance and thermal properties of paper. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
Coating, Flame Retardancy, Bagasse Virgin Soda Pulp, Montmorillonite Nanoclay, Packaging Paper | ||
مراجع | ||
[1] F. Browne, "Theories of the combustion of wood and its control," United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Report No. 2136, Dec. 1958, pp. 1-72. [2] M. Tavakoli, A. Ghasemian, M. R. Dehghani-Firouzabadi, and B. Mazela, "Cellulose and its nano-derivatives as a water-repellent and fire-resistant surface: a review," *Materials*, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 82-90, 2021. DOI:10.3390/ma15010082. [3] S. Yook, H. Park, H. Park, S.Y. Lee, J. Kwon, and H. J. Youn, "Barrier coatings with various types of cellulose nanofibrils and their barrier properties," *Cellulose*, vol. 27, pp. 4509-4523, 2020. DOI:10.1007/s10570-020-03119-4. [4] S. Zaheri and G. Asadpur, "Feasibility Study of Using Different Types of Bio-Polymer Coatings on Paper Packaging Materials," *Packaging Science and Art*, vol. 10, no. 38, pp. 18-27, 2019. (In Persian) [5] A. Tutus, M. Cicekler, and I. Deniz, "Using of burnt red pine wood for pulp and paper production (Turkish Abstract in English)," *KSU Journal of Engineering Sci*, pp. 90-95, 2012. [6] F. F. P. Kollman and W. A. Côté, *Principles of wood science and technology: solid wood*, Allen & Unwin, 1968. DOI:10.1007/978.9-87928-642-3. [7] J. Xie, J. Xu, Z. Cheng, J. Chen, Z. Zhang, T. Chen, R. Yang, and J. Sheng, "Facile synthesis of fluorine-free cellulosic paper with excellent oil and grease resistance," *Cellulose*, vol. 27, pp. 7009-7022, 2020. DOI:10.1007/s10570-020-03248-w. [8] F. Laoutid, L. Bonnaud, M. Alexandre, J. M. Lopez-Cuesta, and P. Dubois, "New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: From fundamentals to nanocomposites," *Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports*, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 100-125, 2009, DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.002. [9] P. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Zuo, J. Lu, G. Yuan, and Y. Wu, "Preparation and characterization of sodium silicate impregnated Chinese fir wood with high strength water resistance flame retardant and smoke suppression," *Journal of Materials Research and Technology*, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1043-1053, 2020. [10] S. Ryan, "System and Method for Programming a Weighing Scale Using a Key Signal To Enter a Programming Mode," *United States Patent*, Date of Patent: 1 Dec. 2009. [11] P. Samyn, G. Schoukens, P. Kiekens, P. Mast, H. V. Abbeele, D. Stanssens, and L. Vonck, "Thermal resistance of organic nanoparticle coatings for hydrophobicity and water repellence of paper subestrates," *AUTEX Research Journal*, vol. 10, no. 4, 2010. [12] H. Gholamian and A. Javed, "Investigating the effect of clay nanoparticles and different coatings on increasing the thermal properties and fire resistance of wood," *Color Science and Technology*, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 165-176, 1400. (In Persian) [13] H. Hamada, T. Enomae, I. Shibata, A. Isogai, and F. Onabe, "Effects of water-soluble cellulosic polymers on coating development and quality," in *Proceedings of PITA Coating Conference*, Edinburgh, Great Britain, Mar. 4-5, 2003, pp. 91-95. [14] P. Narchin and E. Afra, "Characteristics operation mechanism and applications of clay," *Quarterly Journal of Scientific-Promotional of Nanoworld*, no. 35, 2014. (In Persian) [15] M. Hadilam, E. Afra, and H. Yousefi, "Effect of cellulose nano-fibers on the properties of bagasse paper," *Journal of Forest and Wood Products*, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 351-366, 2013. [16] V. Guazzotti, S. Limbo, L. Piergiovanni, R. Fengler, D. Fiedler, and L. Gruber, "A study into the potential barrier properties against mineral oils of starch-based coatings on paperboard for food packaging," *Food Packaging and Shelf Life*, vol. 3, pp. 9-18, 2015. [17] Z. Song, H. Xiao, and Y. Zhao, "Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper," *Carbohydr Polym.*, vol. 111, pp. 442-448, 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.049. [18] "Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres for paperboard pulp handsheets and related products," TAPPI Test Methods T 402 sp-08, 2013. [19] ASTM E1131-20, "Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry." [20] TAPPI T461OS-79, "Testing procedure using YG815B vertical fabric flame-retardant tester (Nantong Sansi Electromechanical Science & Technology Co. Ltd. China)." [21] S. Castvan, D. Lazarevic, P. Stojanovic, Z. Ivkovic, R. Petrovic, and J. Kovic, "Improvement of the mechanical properties of paper by starch coatings modified with sepiolite nanoparticles," *Starch*, vol. 67, pp. 373-380, 2015. [22] P. Rezayati Charani and M. H. Moradian, "Utilization cellulose nanofibers and cationic polymers to improve breaking length of paper," *Journal of Cellulose Chemistry and Technology*, vol. 53, no. 7-8, pp. 767-774, 2019. [23] G. Barati Darband, M. Aliofkhazraei, S. Khorsand, S. Sokhanvar, and A. Kaboli, "Science and Engineering of Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Review of Corrosion Resistance Chemical and Mechanical," 2020. [24] Q. Wang, J. Xiong, G. Chen, X. O. Xinping, Z. Yu, Q. Chen, and M. Yu, "Facile Approach to Develop Hierarchical Roughness fiber@SiO2 Blocks for Superhydrophobic Paper," *Materials*, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 1393, 2019, DOI:10.3390/ma12091393. [25] M. Tavakoli, A. Ghassemian, M. R. Dehghani Firouzabadi, B. Mazela, and W. Grześkowiak, "Bio-production of fire retardant and hydrophobic packaging paperboard with enhanced tensile strength through coating with modified cellulose nanofiber," *European Journal of Wood and Wood Products*, pp. 1-13, 2024. [26] P. H. B. Piet, T. A. Wielema, "Anionic wet-end starches: a wealth of possibilities to improve paper quality and/or reduce paper," in *TAPPI Technology Summit*, 2002. [27] P. P. Karenlampi, "The effect of pulp fiber properties on the tearing work of paper," *Tappi journal*, 1996. [28] A. Ahmadi Lajimi, M. Azadfallah, Y. Hamzeh, and M. Rahmaninia, "Effect of cationic poly DADMAC based fixing agent on strength properties OCC pulp," *Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries*, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 605-616, 2020. (In Persian) [29] F. Mortazavi, H. Resalati, S. Rasouli, and G. Asadpour, "Investigation of Industrial Paper Coating with Recycled Kaolin," *Journal of Color Science and Technology*, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 117-129, 2021. (In Persian) [30] N. Sharifi and N. Taghavinia, "Silver nano-islands on glass fibers using heat segregation method," *Materials Chemistry and Physics*, vol. 113, pp. 63-66, 2009. [31] C. Hagiopol and J. W. Johnston, *Chemistry of Modern Papermaking*, CRC Press, 2011. ISBN: 9781439856468. (In Persian) [32] R. H. Ashley, R. Matthew, G. A. Gillian, and E. E. Elsie, "Clays and tetracyclines: composite formulation and Antibacterial properties," in *XV International Clay Conf.*, 2013. [33] W. He, W. Bi, and K. Yang, "Flame retarded paper prepared with hexaamidocyclotriphosphazene," *Paper Sci Technol*, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 24-26, 2015. [34] R. M. Rowell and M. A. Dietenberger, "Thermal properties, combustion, and fire retardancy of wood," in *Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites*, pp. 121-151, 2012. [35] Y. L. Jia, Y. L. Wang, W. Y. Bao, and W. Z. Zhao, "Superhydrophobic and flame-retardant polybenzoxazine coated cotton fabrics," *RSC Advances*, vol. 5, no. 65, pp. 52836-52843, 2015. [36] Davies, PJ., Horrocks, AR., Alderson, A., 2005 The sensitization of thermal decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate. by selected metal ions and their potential for improved cotton fabric flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 88:114–122 [37] Y. J. Feng, Y. Zhou, and D. K. Li, "A plant-based reactive ammonium phytate for use as a flame-retardant for cotton fabric," *Carbohyd. Polym.*, vol. 175, pp. 636–644, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.081. [38] S. Zaheri and A. Ghasemian, "Evaluation of the use of fire retardants and its application in flame retardant packaging papers," *Packaging Science and Art*, vol. 12, no. 47, pp. 9-16, 2022. (In Persian) [39] F. Xu, L. Zhong, Y. Xu, S. Feng, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, and G. Zhang, "Highly efficient flame-retardant kraft paper," *Journal of Materials Science*, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1884-1897, 2019. DOI:10.1007/s10853-018-2912-y [40] X. Jiang and S. Li, "Flame-retardant paper and its application in packaging," *Journal of Materials Science & Technology*, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 79-87, 2020. [41] H. J. Kim and S. H. Park, "Advanced fire-resistant packaging materials: A review," *Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry*, vol. 109, pp. 10-25, 2022. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 284 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 56 |