آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 36 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 1,192 |
| تعداد مقالات | 8,579 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 6,988,711 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,032,561 |
پهپادهای مسلح؛ چالشی نوین برای امنیت بین‌المللی و منطقه‌ای | ||
| سیاست دفاعی | ||
| دوره 29، شماره 113، بهمن 1399، صفحه 85-111 اصل مقاله (929.41 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی نورمحمدی* 1؛ مرتضی اسمعیلی2 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول:دانشیار گروه روابط بین الملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 05 مرداد 1399، تاریخ بازنگری: 0-727 فروردین 2، تاریخ پذیرش: 26 اسفند 1399 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گسترش به‌کارگیری پهپادهای مسلح توسط بازیگران دولتی و غیردولتی چه پیامدهایی بر امنیت بین‌المللی دارد؟ این سؤالی است که به‌تازگی ذهن بسیاری از پژوهشگران روابط بین‌الملل را متوجه خود کرده است. قابلیت‌های منحصر‌به‌فرد پهپادها، مانند از بین‌بردن ریسک تلفات نیروی انسانی، امکان هدایت از فواصل دور، امکان انکار عملیات، فناوری ساده و جاسوسی، درحال معرفی این جنگ‌افزارها، به‌عنوان گزینه اصلی دولت‌ها برای «اعمال قدرت» در خارج از مرزهای خود است. پهپادها حداقل از دو طریق بر امنیت بین‌الملل تأثیر مستقیم می‌گذارند: ظهور تهدیدهای نوین بین‌المللی و تأثیر بر ظرفیت کنش‌گریِ کنش‌گران دولتی/ غیردولتی. در این پژوهش تأثیر پهپادها بر امنیت بین‌الملل در این دو سطح، تحلیل و بررسی می‌شود. همچنین باتوجه‌به نقش‌آفرینی پهپادهای مسلح در محیط امنیتی غرب‌آسیا، در این مقاله پیشنهادهای راهبردی ناظر به جنگ‌افزارهای بدون سرنشین برای دکترین دفاعی جمهوری اسلامی ایران ارائه شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد ظهور و به‌کارگیری پهپادها باید ذیل حرکت نوآوری نظامی به سمت سامانه‌های خودکار و رباتیک فهم شود و ازاین‌حیث، نقش پهپادها در آینده منازعات بیش‌ازپیش برجسته‌تر خواهد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پهپاد؛ فناوری نظامی؛ منازعات دولتی؛ امنیت بین‌الملل؛ کنش‌گران غیردولتی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV); a New Challenge for International and Regional Security | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| morteza nourmohammadi1؛ morteza smaeli2 | ||
| 1Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Master student of Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| What consequences does the expanded use of armed UAVs by state and non-state actors on international security? This is a question that has recently occupied the minds of many researchers in the field of international relations. The unique capabilities employed in UAV’s such as the power to eliminate the risks of man power casualties, the ability to direct from remote distance, the ability to deny operations, the espionage and simple technology used in them, are being considered by states to exert their power outside their boundaries. UAVs have an effect on international security in two ways: the emergence of international new threats and the intended effects on the activist capacity of state/non-state actors. This research addresses and analyses the effects of UAVs on the international security in two levels. Also, considering the role that armed UAVs play in the security environment in the West Asia, this article presents strategic proposals for unmanned weapons for IRI’s defense doctrine. The findings of the research show that the the emergence and employment of UAV’s should be understood on the basis of the way military innovation proceeds towards automatic and robotic systems, which accounts for the fact that the role of UAVs in the future of conflicts will be further highlighted. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| unmanned aerial vehicle, military technology, state conflicts, international security, non-state actors | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
بهارلو، مهدی و دیگران (1397)، تحلیل و تبیین ساختاری ـ کارکردی نظام نوآوری فناورانه پهپاد در ایران، فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری، دوره پنجم، ش 4: 72 ـ 47. سجادی، سیدمحسن و همکاران (1398)، بررسی جایگاه پهپاد در حقوق بین‌الملل، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین‌الملل، س دوازدهم، ش 45: 42 ـ 9. شریفان، محمداسماعیل و همکاران (1397)، راهبردهای توسعه بهره‌گیری از پهپاد در افزایش توان رزمی نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران، فصلنامه مطالعات دفاعی راهبردی، س شانزدهم، ش72: 176 ـ 153. مورگنتا، هانس جی. (1384)، سیاست میان ملت‌ها: تلاش در راه قدرت و صلح، ترجمه حمیرا مشیرزاده، تهران: مرکز چاپ و انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه. Bassiri Tabrizi, A. and Bronk, J, (2018). “Armed Drones in the Middle East Proliferation and Norms in the Region”, London, Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. Byman, Daniel, (2013). “Why DronesWork: The Case forWashington’sWeapon of Choice”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 92, No. 4 (July/August 2013). Bergen, Peter, .et.al, (2019). "World of Drones", the New America Foundation, Available at: https://www.newamerica.org/international-security/reports/world-drones/ Buzan, B. (1987) an Introduction to Strategic Studies: Military Technology and International Relations. New York: St. Martin Press. Buzan, B. & Little, R. (2000), International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations. London: Oxford University Press. Bergen, Peter. Rowland, Jennifer, (2013). “Drone Wars”, the Washington Quarterly, 36: 3, 7-26. Brimley, Shawn, et.al, (2013). “The Drone War Comes to Asia”, Foreign Policy, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/09/17/the-drone-war-comes-to-asia/ Blank, Laurie R, (2012). “After top gun: how drone strikes impact the law of war”, U. Pa. J. Int'l L. vol. 33:3. Boyle, Michael J, (2013). “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare”, International Affairs, 89:1, 1-29. Boyle, Michael J, (2015). “The Race for Drones”, Orbis, 59(1): 76–94. Boyle, Michael J, (2018). “Correspondence: Debating Drone Proliferation”, International Security, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 178–182. Chamayou, Grégoire, (2015). Drone Theory, Translated by Janet Lloyd. London: Penguin. Cohen Eliot, (2014). “A Revolution in Warfare?”, Foreign Affairs, March 9, 2014: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/51841/eliot-a-cohen/a-revolution-in-warfare. Cortright, David, (2012). “License to Kill, How Drones Are Changing Warfare”, CATO Institute, Available at: http://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/01/09/david-cortright/license-kill. Cortright, David and Fairhurst Rachel, (2015). Drones and the Future of Armed Conflict: Ethical, Legal, and Strategic Implications, University of Chicago Press. Colon, Carlos R.,et.al, (2015). The Drone Debate: A Primer on the U.S. Use of Unmanned Aircraft , Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefeld. Davis, Lynn E., et.al, (2014). “Armed and Dangerous?”, RAND Corporation: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR449/RAND_RR449.pdf. Ehrhard, Thomas P, (2000). “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the United States Armed Services: A Comparative Study of Weapon System Innovation”, the Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC. Farley, Robert, (2015). “The Five Most Deadly Drone Powers in the World”, The Nationalinterest, Available at: February 16, 2015: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-five-most-deadly-drone-powers-the-world-12255. Fitzgerald Ben, et.al, (2013). “The Drone War Comes to Asia”, Foreign Policy. Franke, Ulrike Esther, (2015), “The Global Diffusion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or Drones”, In Precision Strike Warfare and International Intervention: Strategic, Ethico-legal and Decisional Implications. Edited by Mike Aaronson, Wali Aslam, Tom Dyson, and Regina Rauxloh, 52–72. Routledge Global Security Studies. New York and London: Routledge. Gaffey, C. & Philips, C, (2015). “Most French Nuclear Plants 'Should Be Shut Down' Over Drone Threat”, Newsweek, Available at: http://europe.newsweek.com/most-french-nuclear-plants-should-be-shutdown-over-drone-threat-309019. Gertler, Jeremiah, (2012). “U.S. Unmanned Aerial Systems”, Congressional Research Service, Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R42136.pdf. Gilli, Andrea and Mauro Gilli, (2016). “The Diffusion of Drone Warfare? Industrial, Organizational, and Infrastructural Constraints”, Security Studies 25, no. 1. Harrison, Glennon J, (2013). “Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Manufacturing Trends”, Congressional Research Service, Jan. 30. Hall, Abigail R., Coyne, Christopher J, (2013). “The Political Economy of Drones, Defence and Peace Economics”, 25:5, 445-460. Horowitz, Michael, et.al, (2016). “Separating Fact from Fiction in the Debate over Drone Proliferation”, International Security, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Fall 2016). pp. 7–42. Horowitz, M and Fuhrmann,M, (2017), “Droning On: Explaining the Proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles”, International Organization, 71(2): 397–418. Kasapoğlu, Can(2018). ‘The Rising Drone Power: Turkey on the Eve of its Military Breakthrough”, Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, Available at: https://edam.org.tr/en/the-rising-drone-power-turkey-on-the-eve-of-its-military-breakthrough/ Kindervater, Katharine Hall, (2016). “The Emergence of Lethal Surveillance: Watching and Killing in the History of Drone Technology”, Security Dialogue 47.3: 223–238. Katharine Hall Kindervater, (2017). “Drone strikes, ephemeral sovereignty, and changing conceptions of territory”, Territory Politics Governance, 5:2, 207-221. Kreps, Sarah, (2019). “Why it’s so hard to defend against drones”, Available at: https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28240/why-it-s-so-hard-to-defend-against-drones. Nacouzi, George, et.al, (2018). “Assessment of the Proliferation of Certain Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems”, RAND Corporation, Available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2369.html O'Connell, Mary Ellen, (2011). “Seductive drones: Learning from a decade of lethal operations”, JL Inf. & Sci. 21. Schmidt M. and E. Schmitt, (2016). “Pentagon Confronts a New Threat from ISIS: Exploding Drones”, New York Times, October 11. Singer, Peter W, (2010). Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the Twenty-First Century, New York, NY: Penguin Books. Singer, Peter W. and Wright, Thomas, (2014). “Memorandum to the President: An Obama Doctrine on New Rules of War”, Brookings Institution, Available at: http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/an-obama-doctrine-on-new-rules-of-war. Solodov, A, et.al, (2018). “Analyzing the threat of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to nuclear facilities”, Secur J 31, 305–324. Skolnikoff, E. B. (1993) the Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology and the Evolution of International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Weiss, M, (2018), “How to become a first mover? Mechanisms of military innovation and the development of drones”, European Journal of International Security, 3(2). 187-210. Waltz, K. (1979) Theory of International politics. New York: Random house. Zaloga, Steven J., et. al, (2019), “World Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems: 2019/2020 MARKET PROFILE AND FORECAST”, Teal Group Corporation. Zegart, Amy (2015). “The Coming Revolution of Drone Warfare,” Wall Street Journal, March 18, 2015, Available at:http://www.wsj.com/articles/amy-zegart-the-coming-revolution-of-drone-warfare-1426720364. Zegart, Amy, (2014), “Deterrence in the Drone Age, Hoover Institution at Stanford University”, Available at: https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/fw_hoover_foreign_policy_working_group_unconventional_threat_essay_series/201411%20-%20Zegart.pdf. Zenko, Micah and Kreps, Sarah, (2014), “Limiting Armed Drone Proliferation”, Washington, D.C.: Council on Foreign Relations: http://www.cfr.org/drones/limiting-armed-droneproliferation/p33127 DOD, Department of Defense Announces Successful Micro-Drone Demonstration, Jan. 9, 2017https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/1044811/department-of defense-announces-successful-micro-drone-demonstration/: ایرنا، «ایران برای نخستین‌بار عملیات مشترک پهپاد و جنگنده را اجرا کرد»، 21دی ۱۳۹۷: | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 610 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,314 |
||