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جو بایدن و تسلط دوباره طالبان بر افغانستان: یک طرح از پیش تعیین شده یا یک شکست استراتژیک؟ | ||
| مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا | ||
| دوره 2، شماره 6، شهریور 1401، صفحه 43-66 اصل مقاله (709.64 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.27834743/ASS.2203.1081 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید دشتگرد* 1؛ پریسا خراسانی2 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول: دانش آموخته دکترای روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانش آموخته دکترای مسائل ایران، واحد بافت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بافت، ایران. | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 17 اسفند 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 31 خرداد 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 28 تیر 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| علیرغم این‌که آمریکا از سال 2001 و پس از شکست طالبان هزینه‌های گزافی را جهت پیشبرد پروژه‌ی دولت – ملت‌سازی در افغانستان صرف کرده بود؛ اما این گروه سلفی در ۱۵ اوت ۲۰۲۱ توانست بار دیگر کابل را به تصرف خود درآورد. اقدامِ طالبان در افغانستان در حالی صورت پذیرفت که جو بایدن سیاست جدید خود نسبت به افغانستان مبنی بر خروج آمریکا از این کشور را تعیین کرده بود؛ به همین دلیل بسیاری از کارشناسان تسلط طالبان را نتیجه‌ی سیاست دولت بایدن دانستند که پیش‌تر توسط ترامپ نیز پی گیری شده بود. بااین‌حال سؤال و دغدغه‌ی دیگری که در این زمینه مطرح گردید این بود که آیا اقدام بایدن در رابطه با خروج آمریکا یک طرح منطقه‌ای از پیش تعیین‌شده و با اهداف و مبانی خاص بود یا این‌که صرفاً در راستای کاهش هزینه‌های خارجی آمریکا و بر مبنای نگرش حزبی دولت دموکرات این اتفاق صورت پذیرفت؟ نویسندگان این پژوهش تلاش می‌کنند که این دو دیدگاه را بر اساس روش مقایسه‌ای موردبررسی قرار دهند. یافته‌های این پژوهش بیانگر این است که علیرغم وجود دو دیدگاه اصلی پیرامون سیاست خروج بایدن، مؤلفه‌ها و متغیرهای مختلفی در استراتژی بایدن نسبت به افغانستان دخیل هستند که اتخاذ یک نگرش چندعاملی را ضروری می‌سازد. این نگرش چندعاملی در پایان توسط نویسندگان ارائه شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| افغانستان؛ طالبان؛ آمریکا؛ جو بایدن | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Joe Biden and the Taliban's re-takeover of Afghanistan: A pre-determined plan or a strategic failure? | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Majid Dashtgerd1؛ Parisa khorasani2 | ||
| 1ATU Faculty of Law and Political Sciences | ||
| 2PhD candidate in Iranian issues, Baft Department, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Despite the fact that the United States spent lots of money to advance the nation-building project in Afghanistan following the defeat of the Taliban in 2001, on August 15, 2021, this fundamentalist group was able to re-take over Kabul. The Taliban's move in Afghanistan came as Biden had laid out his new policy and strategy on Afghanistan namely US withdrawal from Afghanistan. For this reason, many experts and Analysts attribute the Taliban’s dominance to the policies of the Biden administration which had previously been pursued by Trump. Nevertheless, another question that arose in this regard was whether Biden's policy regarding the US withdrawal from Afghanistan was a pre-determined regional plan with specific goals and principles, or whether it was solely for the purpose of the reduction in US foreign spending based on the partisan attitudes? In this study, the authors attempt to examine these two main perspectives on Biden's exit policy from Afghanistan based on a comparative method. The findings of this study indicate that despite the existence of two main perspectives on Biden's exit policy, various components and variables are involved in Biden's strategy towards Afghanistan, which makes it necessary to adopt a multifactorial approach. This multifactorial approach is presented at the end by the authors. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Afghanistan, Taliban, USA, Joe Biden | ||
| مراجع | ||
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