تغییرات اقلیمی، بحران آب و ستیزه‌های اجتماعی و سیاسی در خاورمیانه

ارغوانی پیرسلامی، فریبرز و سارا اتابکی(1396)، «بحران آب و امنیت منطقه‌ای خلیج فارس: واکاوی بسترها و راهکارها»، فصلنامه سیاست و روابط بین الملل، سال اول، پاییز و زمستان، شماره 2.

افضلی، رسول و همکاران، (1399)، «مطالعه تطبیقی تغییر اقلیم و چالش‌های امنیتی بحران آب در شهرهای دو حوضه آبریز مرکزی و دریاچه ارومیه»، جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری، سال هفتم، بهار و تابستان، شماره ۱ (پیاپی ۱۶).

بخشی، احمد، (1390)، «تحلیل پدیده‌های جغرافیایی وسیاسی در شکل‌گیری بحران دارفور»، فصلنامه ژئوپلیتیک، سال هفتم، شماره 2

برنم، پیتر و همکاران، (1396)، روش تحقیق در علوم سیاسی، ترجمه میترا راه نجات، تهران، وزارت امور خارجه.

بلیکی، نورمن، (1384)، طراحی پژوهش‌های اجتماعی، ترجمه حسن چاووشیان، تهران، نشر نی.

بوزان، باری، ویور، الی، دوویلد، پاپ، (1392)، چارجوبی تازه برای تحلیل امنیت، ترجمه علیرضا طیب، چاپ دوم، تهران. پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.

بوزان، باری، (1378)، مردم، دولت‌ها و هراس، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.

بوزان، باری، (1388)، مناطق و قدرتها، ترجمه رحمان قهرمانپور، تهران، پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.

بیلیس، جان، (1383)، «امنیت جهانی و بین‌المللی در دوران پس از جنگ سرد»، در: جان بیلیس و استیو اسیمت، (ویراستاران)، جهانی شدن سیاست: روابط بین‌الملل در عصر نوین، ترجمه ابولقاسم راه چمنی و همکاران، ج اول، تهران، مؤسسه ابرار معاصر.

سازمان حفاظت از محیط زیست، (1392)، یافتن راهکارهایی برای تجات تالابهای درحال خشک شدن ایران، میزگرد تخصصی بین‌المللی، اسفند، قابل دسترس در:

http://www. ir. undp. org/content/dam/iran/docs/Publications/E%26SD/WIRT%20 Conclusions%20and%20Recommendations%20Farsi. pdf.

صادقی، سید شمس الدین، (1395)، «هیدروپلیتیک و امنیت ملی (مطالعه موردی: کشورهای منطقه خلیج فارس)»، فصلنامه راهبرد، سال بیست و پنجم زمستان، شماره 81.

عبداللهی منش، ساحل و رامین بخشی، (1398)، «امنیت آب در حوضه رود نیل تهدیدی برای امنیت خاورمیانه»، فصلنامه مطالعات آسیای جنوب غربی، سال دوم، زمستان، شماره 8.

عراقچی، سید عباس، (1393)، «دیپلماسی آب، از منازعه تا همکاری»، فصلنامه سیاست جهانی، زمستان، دوره 3، شماره 4.

عطارزاده، مجتبی، (1397)، «سیاست آبی اسرائیل ؛تهدید امنیت خاورمیانه در رهیافتی واقع‌انگارانه»، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای سیاسی، تابستان، سال سوم، شماره 10.

کرمی، ناصر، (1395)، «سرشت ناگزیر:ریشه‌های اقلیمی صلح گریزی در خاورمیانه»، مجله‌اینترنتی قلمرو، اسفند، سال اول، شماره2.

کریمی پور، یدالله و همکاران، (1396)، «تبیین پیامدهای امنیتی تغییر اقلیم در حوضه آبریز مرکزی ایران»، تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، پائیز، سال هفدهم، شماره 46.

کوزر، لوئیس، (1384)، نظریه تقابل‌های اجتماعی، ترجمه عبدالرضا نواح، اهواز، رسش.

گرین، اوئن، (1383)، «مسائل زیست‌محیطی»، در: جان بیلیس و استیو اسیمت، (ویراستاران)، جهانی شدن سیاست: روابط بین الملل در عصر نوین، ترجمه ابولقاسم راه چمنی و همکاران. ج دوم، تهران، مؤسسه ابرار معاصر.

مختاری، سحر و همکاران، (1388)، «خودسازماندهی در تالاب هورالعظیم / هورالهویزه با تأکید بر اکولوژی سیمای سرزمین»، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای طبیعی (پژوهش‌های جغرافیایی سابق)، زمستان، سال چهل و یکم، شماره 70.

Alboghdady M, El-Hendawy, SE (2016) Economic impacts of climate change and variability on agricultural production in the Middle East and North Africa region. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, Vol. 8 No. 3

Amery ,Hussein A. ,(2002),”Water wars in the Middle East: a looming threat”, The Geographical Journal , Volume168, Issue4,December.

Ashraf, S. , Nazemi, A. & AghaKouchak, A. (2021), ”Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran”, Available at:Sci Rep 11, 9135 (2021), https://doi. org/10. 1038/s41598-021-88522-y

Ash, Konstantin and Nick Obradovich(2020), ”Climatic Stress, Internal Migration, and Syrian Civil War Onset”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol 64, Issue 1.

Barnetta,Jon and Neil Adger,(2007),”Climate change, human security and violent conflict”, Political Geography, Volume 26, Issue 6, August.

Bilgen,Arda(2020). Turkey’s Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP): a qualitative review of the literature. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies,Volume 47, - Issue 4. pp 652-671

Bodetti,Austin, (2019), ”Iraq and Sudan show how climate change fuels war”,The New Arab, 13 March, Available at: https://english. alaraby. co. uk/english/indepth/2019/3/13/iraq-and-sudan-show-how-climate-change-fuels-war.

Borger,Julian,(2007),”Darfur conflict heralds era of wars triggered by climate change”,UN report warns, The guardian, 23 Jun,Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/ environment/2007/jun/23/sudan.climatechange

Bozorg-Haddad, Omid and et al (2020). Evaluation of water shortage crisis in the Middle East and possible remedies. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2020) 69 (1): 85–98. https://iwaponline. com/aqua/article/69/1/85/70210/Evaluation-of-water-shortage-crisis-in-the-Middle

Buhaug,Halvard and Ole Magnus Theisen,(2012),”On Environmental Change and Armed Conflict”,in: Scheffran, Jürgen and et el (Eds) (2012) Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict Challenges for Societal Stability, Springer.

Busby,Joshua,(2019), “The Field of Climate and Security: A Scan of the Literature”, The Social Science Research Council (SSRC), April.

Buzan, Barry and Lene Hansen,(2009), The Evolution of International Security Studies, Cambridge University Press.

Clement, Viviane anf et al (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge. worldbank. org/handle/10986/36248 License: CC BY 3. 0 IGO. ”

Collier, Paul, (2009), “The Market for Civil War”, Foreign Policy, November 2, Available at:https://foreignpolicy. com/2009/11/02/the-market-for-civil-war/

Daoudy,Marwa, (2020), The Origins of the Syrian Conflict: Climate Change and Human Security, Cambridge University Press.

Eastin,Joshua,(2016), ”Fuel to the Fire: Natural Disasters and the Duration of Civil Conflict”, International Interactions,Volume 42, Issue 2.

Eklund, L. , and D. Thompson,(2017), ”Differences in resource management affects drought vulnerability across the borders between Iraq, Syria, and Turkey”, Ecology and Society 22(4):9.

El Amine,Yasmina and Saghir,Jamal (2020) Preparing for a Looming Water Crisis: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Countries. Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (ISID). https://www.mcgill.ca/isid/files/isid /channels/attach/pb202002_el_amine_and_sagh. pdf

Elayah, Moosa and Schuplen,lau,(2017),”Yemen between the Impact of the Climate Change and the Ongoing Saudi-Yemen War: A Real Tragedy”, Radboud University Sana’a, November, Available at: https://www. kpsrl. org/publication/yemen-between-the-impact-of-the-climate-change-and-the-ongoing-saudi-yemen-war-a-real-tragedy

Evans, Jason P. ,(2009),”21st century climate change in the Middle East”,Climatic Change,February, Volume 92, Issue 3–4.

Fischer,E. M. and R. Knutti. ,(2015),”Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes”, Nature Climate Change,volume 5.

Gleditsch,Nils Petter and Ragnhild Nordås,(2009),“Climate Change and Conflict: A Critical Overview”, Die Friedens-Warte 84, no. 2.

Glass,Nicole(2010) The Water Crisis in Yemen: Causes,Consequences and Solutions. Global Majority E-Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (June 2010), pp. 17-30

Gleick,Peter H. ,(2014), ”Water, Drought, Climate Change, and Conflict in Syria”, Weather, Climate, and Society,Vol. 6, No. 3 (July), Available at: https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/ pdf/10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00059.1

Harris, Leila M. ,(2002), ”Water and Conflict Geographies of the Southeastern Anatolia Project”,Society & Natural Resources. Volume 15, - Issue 8.

Hussein,Hussam and. Lambert,Laurent A. (2020) A Rentier State under Blockade: Qatar’s Water-Energy-Food Predicament from Energy Abundance and Food Insecurity to a Silent Water Crisis. Water, 12(4), 1051.

Hsiang, Solomon M. Marshall Burke and Edward Miguel,(2013),”Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Human Conflict”, Science  13 Sep, Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6151/1235367

Hofste, Rutger Willem and et el ,(2019), ”17 Countries, Home to One-Quarter of the World's Population, Face Extremely High Water Stress”, August 06, Available at: https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/17-countries-home-one-quarter-world-population-face-extremely-high-water-stress

Holthaus ,Eric,(2015),”New Study Says Climate Change Helped Spark Syrian Civil War”,Slate, MARCH 2, Available at: http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/03/ 02/study_climate_change_helped_spark_syrian_civil_war. html

IPCC(2021) Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press

Karami ,Nasser,(2016),”Factors of climate extremes hyperactivity: a study on MENA”, International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Vol. 2(1), June.

Kasinof, Laura, (2009),”At heart of Yemen's conflicts: water crisis”,The Christian Science Monitor,November 5, Available at: https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009 /1105/p06s13-wome.html

Keels,Eric,(2019),”Praying for Rain? Water Scarcity and the Duration and Outcomes of Civil Wars”, Defence and Peace Economics,Volume 30,Issue 1.

Kelley, Colin and et el, (2015), ”Climate change. in the fertile crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(11).

Kelley,Colin and et el,(2017),Commentary on the Syria case: Climate as a contributing factor,Political Geography xxx.

Khawaja, Marwan, (2002), ”Internal migration in Syria: Findings from a national survey”, Fafo report, 375, Available at: https://almashriq.hiof.no/general/300/320/327/fafo/reports /375.pdf

Knefel,John,(2015),”How Climate Change Is Threatening Iraq’s Fragile Security”, The nation, OCTOBER 27, 2015, Available at: https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/ how-climate-change-is-threatening-iraqs-fragile-security/

Lackner,Helen(2020) global warming, the environmental crisis and social justice in Yemen. Asian Affairs,Volume 51, 2020 - Issue 4,pp 859-874

Max Planck Institute,(2016), ”Climate-exodus expected in the Middle East and North Africa”, MAY 02, Available at: https://www. mpg. de/10481936/climate-change-middle-east-north-africa

Myers, Norman, (1993),Ultimate Security: The Environmental Basis of Political Stability, W. W. Norton & Company.

(OCHA),(2018), World Humanitarian Data and Trends 2018, Available at: https://www. humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/ whdt2018_web_final_singles. pdf

Olcay Unver, H. ,(1997), ”Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)”, International Journal of Water Resources Development,Volume 13, - Issue 4.

Pal, Jeremy S. and Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, (2016), ”Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability”, Nature Climate Change volume 6.

Parenti ,Christian, (2012), Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence, Nation Books.

Price waterhouse Coopers(PwC), (2016), Middle East Megatrends Transforming our region, available at:

https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/megatrends/pdf/megatrends-in-me-transforming-our-region.pdf

Rafizadeh, Majid, (2013), ”How Bashar al-Assad Became So Hated ”, The Atlantic, APRIL 17, Available at: https://www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2013/04/how-bashar-al-assad-became-so-hated/275058/

Reveron,Derek S. , Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud,(Eds),(2018), The Oxford Handbook of U. S. National Security, Oxford University Press.

Saade, Maurice, (2010), ”Syria: Impact of Drought and Climate Change on Agriculture”,in: Development Horizons. Quarterly Publication- The World Bank Middle East Department, Available at: http://documents1.worldbank.org/

Schwartstein,Peter,(2017),”Climate Change and Water Woes Drove ISIS Recruiting in Iraq”, National Geographic, November 14, Available at: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/ 2017/11/climate-change-drought-drove-isis-terrorist-recruiting-iraq/

Selby,Jan and et el,(2017),”Climate change and the Syrian civil war revisited”, Political Geography,Volume 60, September.

Sengupta,Somini,(2018),”Warming, Water Crisis, Then Unrest: How Iran Fits an Alarming Pattern”, New York times. JAN. 18, Available at:https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/ climate/water-iran. html

Scheffran, Jürgen and et el, (Eds)(2012), Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict Challenges for Societal Stability, Springer.

Schilling, Janpeter and et al (2020). Climate change vulnerability, water resources and social implications in North Africa. Regional Environmental Change. 20:15

Skah,Maha  and Rida Lyammouri,(2020), ”The Climate Change Security Nexus: Case study of the Lake Chad Basin”, Policy Center for the New South, Available at: policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/RP%20-%2020-08%20%28skah%20%26%20 Lyamouri%29.pdf

Suter. Margaret,(2017),”Running Out of Water: Conflict and Water Scarcity in Yemen and Syria”, Atlantic Council, September 12, 2017, Available at: http://www.atlanticcouncil. org/blogs/menasource/running-out-of-water-conflict-and-water-scarcity-in-yemen-and-syria

The Economist, (2018), ”Climate change is making the Arab world more miserable”, May 31st, Available at: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/05/31/climate -change-is-making-the-arab-world-more-miserable

The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP),(2019) Global Peace Index 2019, Sydney, Available at: http://visionofhumanity.org/reports/

Tolba ,Mostafa K. and Najib W. Saab, (eds)(2009), ”Arab Environment:Climate Change, Impact of Climate Change on Arab Countries Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED)”, Available at: http://www.afedonline.org/afedreport09/Full%20 English%20Report. pdf

Urdal, Henrik,(2007),”The Demographics of Political Violence: Youth Bulges, Insecurity, and Conflict”, in: Brainard,Lael; Chollet, Derek ,(Eds. ) ,Too Poor for Peace? Global Poverty, Conflict and Insecurity in the 21st Century, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Varisco, Daniel (2019) Pumping Yemen Dry: A History of Yemen’s Water Crisis. Human Ecology volume 47, pp 317–329.

Verner, Dorte and Jesse Biroscak, (2010), “Climate Change and the Middle East”,in: Development Horizons, Quarterly Publication- The World Bank Middle East Department-Lebanon, Available at: http://documents1.worldbank.org/

Ward, Christopher, (2009), “Water Conflict in Yemen: The Case for Strengthening Local Resolution Mechanisms“,in: N. Vijay Jagannathan, Ahmed Shawky Mohamed, Alexander Kremer (eds), Water in the Arab World: Management Perspectives and Innovations, The World Bank, Middle East and North Africa (MNA) Region, Available at: http://www.fao. org/fileadmin/user_upload/rome2007/docs/Water_Arab_World_full. pdf

Waterbury, John, (1979), Hydropolitics of the Nile Valley, Syracuse University Press.

Weiss, Matthew, (2015), “A perfect storm: the causes and consequences of severe water scarcity“, institutional breakdown and conflict in Yemen, Water International,Volume 40, Issue 2. pp251-272

World Bank Group, (2016), “High and Dry:Climate Change, Water, and the Economy“. World Bank, Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23665 License: CC BY 3. 0 IGO.”

Zhang, Xuebin and et al, (2005), “Trends in Middle East climate extreme indices from 1950 to 2003“, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol, 110, D22104, doi:10. 1029/2005JD006181.

Zuhra, Hajjah, (2014), “Future Impact of Climate Change Visible Now in Yeme“, World The bank, November 24, Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/11/ 24/future-impact-of-climate-change-visible-now-in-yemen