News

 Statistics

Number of Journals34
Number of Issues1,306
Number of Articles9,427
Article View9,188,253
PDF Download5,620,716
Seddighi, N., Sanaei, M., Ehtesham Rasi, R. (2022). A framework for assessing cyber security and privacy threats and investigating their impact on smart city performance. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 10(3), 77-91.
Nazila Seddighi; Mohammad Reza Sanaei; Reza Ehtesham Rasi. "A framework for assessing cyber security and privacy threats and investigating their impact on smart city performance". Electronic and Cyber Defense, 10, 3, 2022, 77-91.
Seddighi, N., Sanaei, M., Ehtesham Rasi, R. (2022). 'A framework for assessing cyber security and privacy threats and investigating their impact on smart city performance', Electronic and Cyber Defense, 10(3), pp. 77-91.
Seddighi, N., Sanaei, M., Ehtesham Rasi, R. A framework for assessing cyber security and privacy threats and investigating their impact on smart city performance. Electronic and Cyber Defense, 2022; 10(3): 77-91.

A framework for assessing cyber security and privacy threats and investigating their impact on smart city performance

پدافند الکترونیکی و سایبری
Volume 10, Issue 3 - Serial Number 39, January 2023, Pages 77-91    PDF (1.61 M)
Document Type: Original Article
Authors
Nazila Seddighi1; Mohammad Reza Sanaei* 2; Reza Ehtesham Rasi3
1PhD student, Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Receive Date: 18 November 2021,  Revise Date: 11 January 2022,  Accept Date: 10 January 2022 
Abstract
Today, the world is experiencing the evolution of smart cities. The emergence of such cities stems from the application of information technology innovation, which, despite the creation of numerous economic and social opportunities, has posed citizens with cyber security and privacy threats. The successful transition of cities to smart cities and the optimal performance of smart cities depends on the awareness of these threats and their effectiveness. This study aims to provide a framework for identifying and evaluating cyber security and privacy threats and examining their impact on smart city performance in city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of the data collection method. In this study, these threats have been identified through in-depth library studies as well as surveys through researcher-made questionnaires using fuzzy Delphi method from academic experts and relevant officials that were selected by purposeful manner and the importance of each threat has been determined using the fuzzy Best-Worst Multi-Criteria method. Then, according to the smart city concepts and theories, the performance of city in the transition to a smart city is described based on five components as smart infrastructure, governance, economy, people, and environment. After that, the hypotheses, described on the impact of these threats on the performance of smart city, have been tested using the Structural Equations Modeling based on Partial Least Squares method. The findings indicated that 11 cyber security threats and 10 privacy challenges existed in the smart city, among which three threats as Legislative challenge, Lack of secure communication, and Insecure APIs and protocols were specified as the key threats. Furthermore, analyzing the fitted model and research hypotheses showed a negative and significant relationship between the variables of cyber security threats and privacy challenges with the smart city performance and a positive and significant relationship between cyber security threats and privacy challenges at a 95% confidence level. Considering the value of the R2 coefficient, it was observed that the variables of cyber security threats and privacy challenges in total, predicted 72.7% of the changes related to the performance variable of smart city, which was remarkable.
Keywords
Smart city; cyber security and privacy threats; fuzzy Delphi method; Fuzzy Best-Worst Multi-Criteria method; Structural Equation Modelling; Partial Least Squares approach
References

[1]    R. Khatoun, & S. Zeadally, “Cybersecurity and privacy solutions in smart cities,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 51-59, 2017.

[2]    A. Meijer, & M. P. R. Bolívar, “Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance,” International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 392-408, 2016.

[3]    A. AlDairi, “Cyber Security Attacks on Smart Cities and Associated Mobile Technologies,” Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 109, pp. 1086-1091, 2017.

[4]    M. Benkő, & T. Germán, “Crime prevention aspects of public space renewal in Budapest,” Journal of Place Management and Development, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 191-209, 2016.

[5]    K. M. Lord, & T. Sharp, “America's Cyber Future: Security and Prosperity in the Information Age,” Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security, Vol. 1, 2011.

[6]    S. Ijaz, M. A. Shah, A. Khan, & M. Ahmed, “Smart cities: A survey on security concerns,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 612-625, 2016.

[7]    M. Nikoo Goftar Nategh, “A Cyber Security Architecture Model for Intelligent Public Transportation Systems in Smart Cities,” 16th International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Engineering, Tehran, 2016. (In Persian)

[8]    A. M. Hamzeh, & M. A. Kazeruni, “Smart Cities: Component Analysis, Challenges and Strategies Review,” 3rd International Conference on Applied Research in Structural Engineering and Construction Management, Tehran, 2019. (In Persian)

[9]    A. Taklo Bighash, & M. Shayan Fard, “Challenges and Strategies for Security and Privacy in Smart City Applications,” Fourth National Conference on New Ideas in Engineering, Rasht, 2019. (In Persian)

[10]  A. Alibasic, R. Al Junaibi, Z. Aung, W. L. Woon, & M. A. Omar, “Cybersecurity for Smart Cities: A Brief Review,” In International Workshop on Data Analytics for Renewable Energy Integration, pp. 22-30, 2016.

[11]  M. A. Hasbini, T. Eldabi, & A., Aldallal, “Investigating the information security management role in smart city organisations,” World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 86-98, 2018.

[12]  I. S. Farahat, A. S. Tolba, M. Elhoseny, & W. Eladrosy, “Data Security and Challenges in Smart Cities”. In Security in Smart Cities: Models, Applications, and Challenges, pp. 117-142, 2019.

[13]  J. Laufs, H. Borrion, & B. Bradford, “Security and the smart city: A systematic review,” Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 169, pp. 1-18, 2020.

[14]  Y. C. Wu, R. Sun, & Y. J. Wu, “Smart city development in Taiwan: From the perspective of the information security policy,” Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 1-18, 2020.

[15]  S. Guo, & H. Zhao, “Fuzzy best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method and its applications,” Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol. 121, pp. 23-31, 2017.

[16]  M. Shah Mohammadi Ardabili, H. Hamidi, & M. H. Zahedi, “A Review of Challenges, Risks and Cyber Security in Smart Cities,” 2nd International Conference on New Developments in Management, Economics and Accounting, Tehran, 2018. (In Persian)

[17]  A. Khalilipour Roknabadi, & Y. Noor Ali Vand, “Cyber threats and their impact on national security,” Quarterly Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 56, No. 15, 196-167, 2012. (In Persian)

[18]  S. Alromaihi, W. Elmedany, & C. Balakrishna, “Cyber Security Challenges of Deploying IoT in Smart Cities for Healthcare Applications,” 6th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops (FiCloudW), pp. 140-145, 2018.

[19]  A. R. Berkel, P. M. Singh, & M. J. van Sinderen, “An Information Security Architecture for Smart Cities,” In International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design, pp. 167-184, 2018.

[20]  T, Braun, B. C. Fung, F. Iqbal, & B. Shah, “Security and privacy challenges in smart cities,” Sustainable cities and society, Vol. 39, pp. 499-507, 2018.

[21]  Z. A. Baig, P. Szewczyk, C. Valli, P. Rabadia, P. Hannay, M. Chernyshev, ..., and N. Syed, “Future challenges for smart cities: Cyber-security and digital forensics,” Digital Investigation, Vol. 22, pp. 3-13, 2017.

[22]  V. L. Thing, “Cyber security for a smart nation. In Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC),” IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-3, 2014.

[23]  A. Arabo, “Cyber security challenges within the connected home ecosystem futures,” Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 61, pp. 227-232, 2015.

[24]  J. N. Pelton, & I. B. Singh, “Cyber Defense in the Age of the Smart City,” In Smart Cities of Today and Tomorrow, pp. 67-83, 2019.

[25]  S. Soltani, H. Mahroghi, & S. A. Hosseini Sano, “Introducing smart city technologies and examining their cyber security challenges,” the first national smart city conference, Qom, 2016. (In Persian)

[26]  P. Sanati, “Security and Privacy in Smart City Applications: Challenges and Solutions,” International Congress of Engineering Sciences and Sustainable Urban Development, Danish Polytechnic University, Denmark, 2018. (In Persian).

[27]  V. Albino, U. Berardi, and R. M. Dangelico, “Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives,” Journal of urban technology, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 3-21, 2015.

[28]  L. Shen, Z. Huang, S. W. Wong, S. Liao, and Y. Lou, A “holistic evaluation of smart city performance in the context of China,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 200, pp. 667-679, 2018.

[29]  M. Airaksinen, I.P., Seppä, A. Huovila, H. M. Neumann, B. Iglar, & P. Bosch, “Smart city performance measurement framework CITYkeys,” In 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), pp. 718-723, 2017.

[30]  P. Lombardi, S. Giordano, H. Farouh, & W. Yousef, “Modelling the smart city performance,” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 137-149, 2012.

[31]  R. Wall, S. Stavropoulos, J. Edelenbos, & F. Pajević, “Evaluating the performance of smart cities in the global economic network,” In Transforming city governments for successful smart cities, No. 8, pp. 87-113, 2015.

[32]  S. Chauhan, N. Agarwal, & A. K. Kar, “Addressing big data challenges in smart cities: a systematic literature review,” Info, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 73-90, 2016.

Statistics
Article View: 559
PDF Download: 342