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بررسی تطبیق‌پذیری بافت شهرهای تاریخی با اصول پدافند غیرعامل در فلات مرکزی ایران | |
| پدافند غیرعامل | |
| دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، مهر 1402، صفحه 1-14 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | |
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | |
| نویسندگان | |
| محمد حسین مهدوی قهساره1؛ آویده کامرانی* 2 | |
| 1دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | |
| 2استادیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران | |
| تاریخ دریافت: 22 شهریور 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 24 تیر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 15 مرداد 1402 | |
| چکیده | |
| زندگی انسانی در طول تاریخ همواره با مخاطراتی همراه بوده و تلاش برای بقا همواره انسان را ناگریز از تجهیز در برابر تهدیدها کرده است. تهدیداتی که می‌تواند انسان‌ساخت و یا از عاملی طبیعی نشئت‌گرفته باشد. گونة مواجهه با این مخاطرات در طول و عرض تاریخ و جغرافیا شکل و گونه‌های مختلفی را به خود دیده است. محدودة موردمطالعة این مقاله در بررسی چگونگی پاسخگویی به مخاطرات، فلات مرکزی ایران است. فلات مرکزی ایران، با اقلیمی گرم و خشک قسمت وسیعی از خاک ایران را در برمی‌گیرد و باتوجه به ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و جغرافیایی خود، ملاحظات امنیتی خاص خود را نیز دارا است. این پژوهش به دنبال آن است که ویژگی‌های دفاعی بافت شهرهای تاریخی را در منطقه فلات مرکزی ایران مورد بررسی قرار دهد تا میزان پاسخگویی این بافت‌ها را در برابر مخاطرات معاصر باز بررسی کند. این مقاله به دنبال یافتن پاسخ برای این پرسش است که آیا تدابیر امنیتی شهرهای تاریخی در فلات مرکزی ایران، با اصول امروزی پدافند غیرعامل در ارتباط هستند؟ و در صورت مثبت‌بودن جواب این سؤال، کدام‌یک از این تدابیر با کدام‌یک از اصول امروزی پدافند غیرعامل مطابقت دارد؟ پژوهش حاضر با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات اسنادی و تحلیل کیفی انجام‌شده است. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‌دهد اگرچه اصول و ویژگی‌های امنیتی در بافت شهرهای تاریخی این منطقه متناسب با تهدیدات دوران خود بوده است، اما درعین‌حال با بسیاری از اصول پدافند غیرعاملی امروزی شامل مکان‌یابی، مقیاس بهینه استقرار جمعیت و فعالیت، پراکندگی، استتار، اختفا، پوشش، فریب و سازه‌های دومنظوره تا حدود زیادی به ذاتِ انطباق و با فراهم‌آوری امکانات جانبی، می‌توان شرایط لازم برای تطبیق اصولی همچون «مقیاس بهینه در پراکندگی و توجیه اقتصادی ویژه»، «کوچک‌سازی و ارزان‌سازی و ابتکار در پدافند غیرعامل»، «تفرقه و پراکندگی» و «فریب» را محیا کرد. | |
| کلیدواژه‌ها | |
| پدافند غیرعامل؛ فلات مرکزی ایران؛ شهر تاریخی؛ تهدید | |
| عنوان مقاله [English] | |
| Studying the Adaptation of the Historic Cities to the Principles of Modern Passive-Defense in the Central Plateau of Iran | |
| نویسندگان [English] | |
| Mohammad Hosein Mahdavi Ghahsareh1؛ Avideh Kamrani2 | |
| 1School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology | |
| 2University of Science and Technology of Iran, University St., Hengam St. Resalat Square, Tehran, Iran. | |
| چکیده [English] | |
| Human life has always been in danger throughout history, and the struggle for survival has always made man inevitably prepared. Threats are both made by man or are natural. The type of exposure to these threats has different forms throughout time and space. This study has selected the Central Plateau region of Iran to understand the respond to the threats in this area.The Central Plateau of Iran, with its hot and dry climate, covers a large part of the territory of Iran and, due to its climatic and geographical characteristics, has its own security considerations. This study aims to understand the defensive methods of the Iran historic cities in the Central Plateau region of Iran and the article seeks to find the defensive methods of the past in comparison to present principles of passive-defense.The research has done using documentary studies and qualitative analysis method. The results show that although the principles and characteristics of defence in the historical cities of this region have been proportionate with the threats of its time, but also with many principles of today's passive-defense, include location, the optimal scale of population and activity, dispersion, camouflage, concealment, cover, deception, and dual-purpose structures. By providing additional facilities, other principles such as "optimal scale in dispersion and special economic justification," "downsizing and cheapening and initiative in passive defense ," "division," "dispersal," and "deception" can be provided, too. | |
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | |
| Passive Defense, Central Plateau of Iran, Historical City, Threat | |
| مراجع | |
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