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کاربست الگوی ساخت یابی در تبیین دلایل و چرایی ناکامی فعالیت احزاب سیاسی در ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی ( 1392-1368) | ||
دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر | ||
مقاله 1، دوره 10، شماره 3، آذر 1403، صفحه 34-11 اصل مقاله (983.08 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران | ||
نویسندگان | ||
سید زکریا محمودی رجا* 1؛ محمد عابدی اردکانی2؛ سید یزدان هاشمی اصل3؛ محمد زارگزی2 | ||
1گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز | ||
2گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه یزد | ||
3گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
تاریخ دریافت: 11 خرداد 1403، تاریخ بازنگری: 20 مرداد 1403، تاریخ پذیرش: 22 مرداد 1403 | ||
چکیده | ||
این پژوهش باهدف بررسی و تحلیل دلایل ناکامی فعالیت احزاب سیاسی در ایران (سالهای 1392-1368) با تکیهبر فرهنگسیاسی نخبگان و تعامل ساختار/کارگزار نگاشته شد. در الگوی حکمرانی دموکراتیک، احزاب سیاسی با پذیرش انتخابات عمومی تولد یافتند و از آنها بهعنوان فرزندان دموکراسی، بسترساز چرخش مسالمتآمیز قدرت و گردش نخبگان، مشارکت سیاسی نظاممند شهروندان و... یادشده است؛ لذا در توسعهسیاسی دولتها نقش مؤثر دارند. تأکید ساختار حکمرانی و قانون اساسی بر مشارکت و رقابت سیاسی قانونی و عدم تثبیت و نهادینه نشدن فعالیت حزبی، چالش چندبعدی است که میتواند قواعد بازیهای سیاسی و بهتبع آن ثبات سیاسی، امنیت ملی و ماهیت حکمرانی را با چالش جدی مواجه سازد؛ ازاینرو ضروری است این مسئلهی پیچیده و تودرتو مورد بازبینی و بازخوانی انتقادی قرارگیرد که چرا کارکرد احزاب سیاسی در جمهوری اسلامی ایران، طی سالهای 1368 ـ 1392 با ناکامی مواجه شدند؟ یافتههای پژوهشی با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای ـ اسنادی و بهرهگیری از چارچوب نظری ساختیابی گیدنز حاکی از این بود که در ناکامی و شکست سازوکارهای حزبی در جمهوری اسلامی ایران، محورهای مختلفی نقش دارند. فرهنگسیاسی نخبگانی اما مؤلفهای مؤثرتر بوده است. نخبگان سیاسی در ایران بدون آگاهی از کارویژههای حزبی، بافت و ساخت خاص جامعه، متأثر از شرایط مقطعی و در دست گرفتن قدرت سیاسی، سازمانهای حزبی تأسیس کردند؛ بنابراین احزاب سیاسی نهتنها کارویژههای اصلی خود را در ساختار سیاسی ـ اجتماعی جامعه از دست دادند بلکه به بیاعتمادی نهادی در سطح رقابتهای سیاسی منتهی شدهاند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تحزب؛ مردمسالاری دینی؛ نخبگان سیاسی؛ فرهنگسیاسی؛ دولت | ||
عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
The Failure of Political Parties’ Activities in Iran after the Islamic Revolution (1368-1392) | ||
نویسندگان [English] | ||
sayyed zakarya mahmoodiraja1؛ MOhhamad Abedi ardakani2؛ seyyed Yazdan Hashemi asl3؛ Mohhamad Zargazei2 | ||
1Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, | ||
2Department of Political Science, Shiraz University | ||
3Department of Political Science, Shiraz University | ||
چکیده [English] | ||
The present study aims to examine and analyze the reasons for the failure of political party activities in Iran during the years 1368 to 1392, with a focus on the political culture of elites and the interaction of structure/agency. In the model of democratic governance, political parties emerged from the acceptance of public elections and are regarded as the progeny of democracy, facilitating peaceful power transitions, elite rotation, and organized political participation of citizens. Therefore, they play a significant role in the political development of states. The emphasis of governance structures and the constitution on legal political participation and competition, alongside the instability and institutionalization of party activities, presents a multidimensional challenge that can seriously disrupt the rules of political games and, consequently, political stability, national security, and the nature of governance. Thus, it is essential to critically review and examine the complex and intertwined issues surrounding why the function of political parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran faced failure from 1368 to 1392. The research findings, using a descriptive-analytical method and utilizing library-documentary resources along with Giddens' structuration theory framework, indicate that various factors contribute to the failure of party mechanisms in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The political culture of elites, however, has proven to be a more influential factor. Political elites in Iran, unaware of the party's functions and the specific social context, influenced by temporary conditions and the pursuit of political power, established party organizations. Therefore, political parties not only lost their primary functions within the socio-political structure of society but also led to a lack of institutional trust at the level of political competition. | ||
کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
: Partisanship, Religious Democracy, Political Elites, Political Culture, State | ||
مراجع | ||
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